【优雅代码】06-apache下的优秀工具类
【优雅代码】06-apache下的优秀工具类
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1.codec包
1.1背景
该包下的工具主要用于编码解码,包括md5,base64等,但加密方式单一,已经不适用于现行大环境
1.2使用
public void base64Example(){
System.out.println("===============base64======================");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
String s = base64.encodeToString("测试22222222222".getBytes());
System.out.println(s);
String s1 = new String(base64.decode(s));
System.out.println(s1);
}
public void md5Example(){
System.out.println("===============MD5======================");
String result = DigestUtils.md5Hex("测试");
System.out.println(result);
}
public void shaExample(){
System.out.println("===============sha======================");
String result = DigestUtils.sha256Hex("测试");
System.out.println(result);
}
public static String encodeHexTest(String str) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return Hex.encodeHexString(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
private static String decodeHexTest(String str) throws DecoderException {
return new String((byte[])new Hex().decode(str));
}
2.collections包(重要)
2.1背景
该工具包主要处理集合相关,常用方法为集合判空,以及空集合CollectionUtils、ListUtils、MapUtils、SetUtils、QueueUtils为常用工具类。BagUtils、ClosureUtils、ComparatorUtils、EnumerationUtils、FactoryUtils、IterableUtils、IteratorUtils、MultiMapUtils、MultiSetUtils、PredicateUtils、SplitMapUtils、TransformerUtils、TrieUtils为非常用工具类
2.2使用
public static void CollectionUtilsExample() {
// addAll 改变原数组
List<Integer> list = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> list2 = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(CollectionUtils.addAll(
list,
list2
));
System.out.println(list);
//循环获得新数组,不如用直接用stream
list = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(CollectionUtils.collect(list, x -> (x + 1)));
// 根据hash值返回下标,似乎毫无作用
System.out.println("get");
System.out.println(CollectionUtils.get(new HashMap<String, String>(3) {
{
put("10", "1");
put("2", "2");
put("3", "3");
}
}, 0).getKey());
//比filter更简洁的写法,但是似乎意义不大
System.out.println(CollectionUtils.select(list, x -> x > 1));
//只用这个比较好用
CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list2);
//此处对比java自带的工具包
Collections.emptyList();
Collections.emptyMap();
Collections.emptySet();
Collections.singletonList("1");
Collections.singletonMap("1", "2");
}
public static void predicateUtilsExample() {
// 验证
// OnePredicate.onePredicate() 一个
// UniquePredicate.uniquePredicate() 不可重复
// ComparatorPredicate.comparatorPredicate 比较
Predicate<Integer> stringPredicate = PredicateUtils.allPredicate(
NotNullPredicate.notNullPredicate(),
UniquePredicate.uniquePredicate()
);
List<Integer> list = PredicatedList.predicatedList(new ArrayList<>(), stringPredicate);
list.add(1);
// list.add(1);
// list.add(null);
System.out.println(list);
}
3.compress包
3.1背景
该工具包主要用于压缩和解压,支持多种类型
3.2使用
public static void zip() throws Exception
{
File zipFile = new File("/Users/seal/Downloads/test.zip");
ArchiveOutputStream stream = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(zipFile);
File[] files = new File("/Users/seal/Downloads/UI").listFiles();
for (File file : files)
{
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
ArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry(file, file.getName());
// 添加一个条目
stream.putArchiveEntry(entry);
IOUtils.copy(in, stream);
// 结束
stream.closeArchiveEntry();
in.close();
}
stream.finish();
stream.close();
}
public static void unZip() throws Exception
{
InputStream stream = new FileInputStream("/Users/seal/Downloads/jihuoma.zip");
ArchiveInputStream inputStream = new ZipArchiveInputStream(stream);
FileUtils.forceMkdir(new File("/Users/seal/Downloads/jihuoma/1/"));
ArchiveEntry entry = null;
while ((entry = inputStream.getNextEntry()) != null)
{
System.out.println(entry.getName());
try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("/Users/seal/Downloads/jihuoma/1/"+entry.getName())) {
IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream);
}
}
inputStream.close();
stream.close();
}
4.exec包
4.1背景
用于执行命令,比java自带的要多出一些扩展功能,中规中矩
4.2使用
private static String execCmdWithResult() {
try (//接收正常结果流
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//接收异常结果流
ByteArrayOutputStream errorStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
) {
String command = "ping www.baidu.com";
CommandLine commandline = CommandLine.parse(command);
DefaultExecutor exec = new DefaultExecutor();
exec.setExitValues(null);
//设置一分钟5秒
ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(5 * 1000);
exec.setWatchdog(watchdog);
PumpStreamHandler streamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(outputStream, errorStream);
exec.setStreamHandler(streamHandler);
exec.execute(commandline);
//不同操作系统注意编码,否则结果乱码
String out = outputStream.toString("GBK");
String error = errorStream.toString("GBK");
return out + error;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
5.io包(重要)
5.1背景
非常好用的包,对于文件处理,流处理方便不少,性能优秀。常用工具类FileUtils、IOUtils、FilenameUtils
5.2使用
- 格式转换相关
// 获取后缀名
System.out.println(FilenameUtils.getExtension("file.txt"));
//格式化路径
String normalize = FilenameUtils.normalize("D:" + File.separator + "data.txt");
System.out.println(normalize);
//转unix分隔符
System.out.println(FilenameUtils.separatorsToUnix("D:" + File.separator + "data.txt"));
System.out.println(FilenameUtils.separatorsToWindows("D:" + File.separator + "data.txt"));
//目录分隔符
System.out.println(IOUtils.DIR_SEPARATOR);
System.out.println(IOUtils.DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX);
System.out.println(IOUtils.DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS);
System.out.println(IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR);
System.out.println(IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX);
System.out.println(IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS);
- 各种copy流相关
public static void test1() throws IOException {
// try with 写法
try (
InputStream is = IOUtils.toInputStream("This is a String", "utf-8");
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("/Users/seal/IdeaProjects/demo/src/main/java/com/example/demo/example/test2.txt");
) {
//copy流
int bytes = IOUtils.copy(is, os);
System.out.println("File Written with " + bytes + " bytes");
// 读文件为string
System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(new FileReader("/Users/seal/IdeaProjects/demo/src/main/java/com/example/demo/example/test2.txt")));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//读
try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("test2.txt")) {
List ls = IOUtils.readLines(fin, "utf-8");
for (int i = 0; i < ls.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ls.get(i));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//写
List<String> ls = new ArrayList<>();
ls.add("asdasd");
ls.add("ada21");
ls.add("addsf");
try (OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test3.txt")) {
IOUtils.writeLines(ls, IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS, os);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//读网站
InputStream in = new URL("http://commons.apache.org").openStream();
try {
InputStreamReader inR = new InputStreamReader(in);
BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(inR);
String line;
while ((line = buf.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
} finally {
in.close();
}
}
6.lang包(重要)
6.1背景
对平时工具类的补充,优秀的有SerializationUtils,简便的序列化,DateFormatUtils、DateUtils两个非常优秀的日期处理工具类,StringUtils、ObjectUtils这两个可太常用了,处理了各种null的情况,代码写起来更加丝滑。ArrayUtils,补齐了collection的最后一环。
6.2使用
- 日期和序列化
System.out.println(SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.serialize(new String("123"))).toString());
System.out.println(NumberUtils.min(1,2));
System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(),"yyyy/MM/dd"));
System.out.println(DateUtils.parseDate("2020/05/29", "",""));
- 数组
public static void arrayUtilsExample(){
int[] a = {1, 5, 6, 8};
// 01.数组转换成字符串
String string = ArrayUtils.toString(a);
// 02.在一个数组中查找某个元素是否存在
System.out.println("intArray contains '8'?" + ArrayUtils.contains(a, 9));
System.out.println("intArray index of '8'?" + ArrayUtils.indexOf(a, 9));
System.out.println("intArray last index of '8'?" + ArrayUtils.contains(a, 9));
// 03.原始类型转换成包装类
Integer[] object = ArrayUtils.toObject(a);
System.out.println(object[2]);
}
- 字符串
public static void stringUtilsExample(){
//实现=======的效果,用于打日志
StringUtils.repeat("=", 50);
//实现 %%%%%%%%Customised Header%%%%%%%%效果
String msg = StringUtils.center(" Customised Header ", 50, "%");
//将一个array中的String连接起来,用分隔符隔开
StringUtils.join(msg, ",");
//相反,把用分隔符隔开的string转为数组
StringUtils.split(msg, ",");
//加强代码可读性,减少if判断
StringUtils.defaultString(msg, msg);
//缩写一个长string,若不足则不干任何事,否则截断并在末尾添加”…”
StringUtils.abbreviate(msg,5);
}
- 对象
public static void objectUtilsExample(){
//增强代码可读性,如果obj为null返回defaultObj,这一点在common-lang包中一脉相承
ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "");
//是否相等,等价于obj.equals(obj2),省略了null判断
ObjectUtils.equals(null, null);
}
7.math包
7.1背景
眼花缭乱的数学计算,虽然很优秀,但使用场景非常有限
7.2使用
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 如果不涉及统计类或者数学公式计算应该都用不上
// MathUtils;
// CombinatoricsUtils
// ArithmeticUtils
double[] values = new double[] { 0.33, 1.33,0.27333, 0.3, 0.501,
0.444, 0.44, 0.34496, 0.33,0.3, 0.292, 0.667 };
double[] values2 = new double[] { 0.89, 1.51,0.37999, 0.4, 0.701,
0.484, 0.54, 0.56496, 0.43,0.3, 0.392, 0.567 };
//计数
System.out.println("计算样本个数为:" +values.length);
//mean--算数平均数
System.out.println("平均数:" + StatUtils.mean(values));
//sum--和
System.out.println("所有数据相加结果为:" + StatUtils.sum(values));
//max--最小值
System.out.println("最小值:" + StatUtils.min(values));
//max--最大值
System.out.println("最大值:" + StatUtils.max(values));
//范围
System.out.println("范围是:" + (StatUtils.max(values)-StatUtils.min(values)));
//标准差
StandardDeviation standardDeviation =new StandardDeviation();
System.out.println("一组数据的标准差为:" + standardDeviation.evaluate(values));
//variance--方差
System.out.println("一组数据的方差为:" + StatUtils.variance(values));
//median--中位数
Median median= new Median();
System.out.println("中位数:" + median.evaluate(values));
//mode--众数
double[] res = StatUtils.mode(values);
System.out.println("众数:" + res[0]+","+res[1]);
for(int i = 0;i<res.length;i++){
System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"个众数为:"+res[i]);
}
//geometricMean--几何平均数
System.out.println("几何平均数为:" +StatUtils.geometricMean(values));
//meanDifference-- 平均差,平均概率偏差
System.out.println("平均差为:"+StatUtils.meanDifference(values, values2));
//normalize--标准化
double[] norm = StatUtils.normalize(values2);
for(int i = 0;i<res.length;i++){
System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"个数据标准化结果为:" + norm[i]);
}
//percentile--百分位数
System.out.println("从小到大排序后位于80%位置的数:" + StatUtils.percentile(values, 70.0));
//populationVariance--总体方差
System.out.println("总体方差为:" + StatUtils.populationVariance(values));
//product--乘积
System.out.println("所有数据相乘结果为:" + StatUtils.product(values));
//sumDifference--和差
System.out.println("两样本数据的和差为:" + StatUtils.sumDifference(values,values2));
//sumLog--对数求和
System.out.println("一组数据的对数求和为:" + StatUtils.sumLog(values));
//sumSq--计算一组数值的平方和
System.out.println("一组数据的平方和:" + StatUtils.sumSq(values));
//varianceDifference --方差差异性。
System.out.println("一组数据的方差差异性为:" + StatUtils.varianceDifference(values,values2,StatUtils.meanDifference(values, values2)));
}
8.Text包
8.1背景
大段落或文章使用的工具,除非特定场景,否则基本都是下位替代,有着很多比它们更优秀的工具
8.2使用
- 长文本(单词类),可我们在中国呀
public static void wordUtilsExample(){
// 每个单词首字母大写
System.out.println(WordUtils.capitalize("i am fine"));
// 每个单词首字母小写
System.out.println(WordUtils.uncapitalize("I AM FINE"));
// 取每个单词的首字母
System.out.println(WordUtils.initials("I AM FINE"));
// 一行显示X个字符,计算空格
System.out.println( WordUtils.wrap("i am fine" ,9));
// 自定义换行符
System.out.println( WordUtils.wrap("i am fine" ,4,"\n",false));
// 大小写转换,没什么用
System.out.println(WordUtils.swapCase("I am Fine"));
// 是否包含所有单词
System.out.println(WordUtils.containsAllWords("abc def", "def", "abc"));
// 没什么用的
WordUtils.abbreviate("Now is the time for all good men", 0, 40, null);
}
- 转义,马马虎虎吧
public static void stringEscapeUtilsExample(){
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4("<html></html>"));
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeEcmaScript("<script>alert('123')<script>"));
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml11("<html></html>"));
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("你好"));
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("<html></html>"));
}
- 看似很强但实际上没有在内存这么干的,里面的算法还算不错
private static void jaccardSimilarityExample() {
//计算jaccard相似系数
JaccardSimilarity jaccardSimilarity = new JaccardSimilarity();
double jcdsimilary1 = jaccardSimilarity.apply("hello", "hell");
System.out.println("jcdsimilary1:"+jcdsimilary1);
double jcdsimilary2 = jaccardSimilarity.apply("this is an apple", "this is an app");
System.out.println("jcdsimilary2:"+jcdsimilary2);
//计算余弦相似度
CosineSimilarity cosineSimilarity = new CosineSimilarity();
Map<CharSequence, Integer> leftVector = new HashMap<>();
Map<CharSequence, Integer> rightVector = new HashMap<>();
leftVector.put("a", 1);
leftVector.put("b", 0);
leftVector.put("c", 1);
rightVector.put("a", 1);
rightVector.put("b", 1);
rightVector.put("c", 0);
double cosSimilary = cosineSimilarity.cosineSimilarity(leftVector, rightVector);
System.out.println("cosSimilary:"+cosSimilary);
}
- 功能很强,但是java自带的已经基本能覆盖住95%以上的场景了
private static void messageFormatExample() {
String param1 = String.format("hi,%s, your age is %s", "john", "26");
System.out.println("-------------------param1=" + param1);
Object[] object = new Object[]{"john", Longs.tryParse("24")};
MessageFormat messageFormat = new MessageFormat("{0} now is at the age of {1}");
String param2 = messageFormat.format(object);
System.out.println("-------------------param2=" + param2);
Map<String, String> replaceValue = Maps.newHashMap();
replaceValue.put("name", "john");
replaceValue.put("age", "27");
StrSubstitutor strSubstitutor = new StrSubstitutor(replaceValue);
String template1 = "${name} is at the age of${age}";
String param3 = strSubstitutor.replace(template1);
System.out.println("-------------------param3=" + param3);
System.out.println(StringSubstitutor.replace("${name} is at the age of${age}",replaceValue));
}