循序渐进学.Net Core Web Api开发系列【5】:文件上传

系列目录

循序渐进学.Net Core Web Api开发系列目录

 本系列涉及到的源码下载地址:https://github.com/seabluescn/Blog_WebApi

 

一、概述

本篇介绍通过.NET core WebApi实现文件上传。

 

二、Controller端代码

直接上代码:

    [Route("api/files")]   
    [Produces("application/json")]
    public class FileController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IHostingEnvironment _hostingEnvironment;

        public FileController(IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment)
        {
            _hostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
        }

        [HttpPost("iform")]
        public ResultObject UploadIForm(List<IFormFile> files)
        {          
            List<String> filenames = new List<string>();  foreach (var file in files)
            {
                var fileName = file.FileName;
                Console.WriteLine(fileName);

                fileName = $"/UploadFile/{fileName}";
                filenames.Add(fileName);

                fileName = _hostingEnvironment.WebRootPath + fileName;

                using (FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create(fileName))
                {
                    file.CopyTo(fs);
                    fs.Flush();
                }
            }

            return new ResultObject
            {
                state = "Success",
                resultObject = filenames
            };
        }    

为了同时返回上传的文件名和操作状态,我们定义了一个ResultObject的类来返回信息。

    public class ResultObject
    {
        public String state { get; set; }
        public Object resultObject { get; set; }
    }

返回上传的文件名称列表的目的是因为后台可能会给文件重新命名,以避免冲突,新的文件名称需要让前台知道。

后台的files是通过传入的参数获得的,还有其他两种方法可以获取到文件,效果一样:

       [HttpPost]
        public ResultObject UploadAjax()
        { 
            var files = Request.Form.Files;
            ...
         }

或:

       public ResultObject UploadForm(IFormCollection form)
        {    
            var files = form.Files;
            ...
       }

除了获取到files的方式不同,其他操作完全一致。

 

三、前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <script src="lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="lib/jquery-form/dist/jquery.form.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function AjaxFormDataUploadfile() {
            var fileUpload = $("#files").get(0);
            var files = fileUpload.files;
            var data = new FormData();       
for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { data.append("files", files[i]); } $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/api/files/iform", contentType: false, processData: false, data: data, success: function (message) { alert("success"); }, error: function () { alert("上传文件出现错误!"); } }); } </script> </head> <body> <form id="myform" method="post" action="/api/files/iform" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" id="files" name="files" multiple /> <br /><br /> <input id="formupload" type="button" value="Form Data Upload" onclick="AjaxFormDataUploadfile();" /><br /><br /> </form> </body> </html>

两个注意点:

1、form要提供enctype="multipart/form-data" 属性

2、如果要上传多个文件,文件表单需要提供multiple属性

这里我们通过FormData对象的append操作来构建提交的数据,根据我上一篇博客提到的,这里提交数据还有其他两个办法:

        function formuploadfile() {
            $("#myform").ajaxSubmit();
        }

或者:

        function Ajaxuploadfile() {
            var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform"));

            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: "/api/files/iform",
                contentType: false,
                processData: false,
                data: formdata,
                success: function (result) {
                    alert("success");
                    $.each(result.resultObject, function (i, filename) {
                        alert(filename);
                    });
                },
                error: function () {
                    alert("上传文件出现错误!");
                }
            });
        }

具体选择哪种方式,要看前端的需求,个人认为 var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform")); 比较方便。

 

四、上传大文件

上传大文件和上传小文件代码是一样的,关键是上传大文件时间太长,需要前端提供进度报告,不然用户体验太差。

解决的方案是利用ajax的HXR对象。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <script src="lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="lib/jquery-form/dist/jquery.form.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">

        function AjaxuploadfileWithprogress() {
            var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform"));          

            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: "/api/files/iform",
                contentType: false,
                processData: false,
                data: formdata,
                success: function (result) {
                    alert("success");
                    $.each(result.resultObject, function (i, filename) {
                        alert(filename);
                    });
                },
                error: function () {
                    alert("上传文件出现错误!");
                },
                xhr: function () {
                    var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
                    if (onprogress && xhr.upload) {
                        xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress", onprogress, false);
                        return xhr;
                    }
                } 
            });
        }

        function onprogress(evt)
        {
            var loaded = evt.loaded;                  //已经上传大小 
            var tot = evt.total;                      //附件总大小 
            var per = Math.floor(100 * loaded / tot); //百分比  
            $("#son").html(per + "%");
            $("#son").css("width", per + "%");
        }
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        #parent {
            width: 550px;
            height: 10px;
            border: 2px solid #09F;
        }
        #son {
            width: 0;
            height: 100%;
            background-color: #09F;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 10px;
            font-size: 20px;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="myform" method="post" action="/api/files/iform" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <div>
            <div>
                <br />
                <p>表单多个上传文件:</p><br />
                <input type="file" id="files" name="files" multiple /> <br /><br />  
                <input id="formuploadprogress" type="button" value="Ajax Upload Progress" onclick="AjaxuploadfileWithprogress();" /><br /><br />
                <div id="parent">
                    <div id="son"></div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

 此时,可以看到上传进度条了,可以选择一个大文件测试一下。或者把浏览器的传输速度调低也可以进行调试。

 

五、为Swagger提供文件上传调试功能支持

目前swagger是不支持List<IFormFile>类型的,为了方便调试,我们为swagger提供该类型的支撑。

新增类:

public class SwaggerFileUploadListFilter : IOperationFilter
    {       
        public void Apply(Operation operation, OperationFilterContext context)
        {
            if (!context.ApiDescription.HttpMethod.Equals("POST", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
                !context.ApiDescription.HttpMethod.Equals("PUT", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                return;
            }

            var fileParameters = context.ApiDescription.ActionDescriptor.Parameters.Where(n => n.ParameterType == typeof(List<IFormFile>)).ToList();

            if (fileParameters.Count < 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            operation.Consumes.Add("multipart/form-data");
foreach (var fileParameter in fileParameters) { var parameter = operation.Parameters.Single(n => n.Name == fileParameter.Name); operation.Parameters.Remove(parameter); NonBodyParameter p = new NonBodyParameter { Name = parameter.Name, In = "formData", Description = parameter.Description, Required = parameter.Required, Type = "file" }; operation.Parameters.Add(p); } } }

在Startup类的ConfigureServices方法里注册该过滤器:

       public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();
            services.AddCors();                      

            services.AddSwaggerGen(option =>
            {
                option.SwaggerDoc("v1", new Info
                {
                    Version = "v1",
                    Title = "SaleService接口文档",
                    Description = "RESTful API for SaleService.",
                    TermsOfService = "None",
                    Contact = new Contact { Name = "seabluescn", Email = "seabluescn@163.com", Url = "" }
                });
               
                option.OperationFilter<SwaggerFileUploadListFilter>();

                //Set the comments path for the swagger json and ui.
                var basePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;
                var xmlPath = Path.Combine(basePath, "SaleService.xml");
                option.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath);
            });
        }

此时可以通过swagger选择文件了

但有个缺点是只能上传一个文件,如何实现可以选择多个文件还不会搞。

 

posted @ 2018-06-27 12:04  seabluescn  阅读(6718)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报