TensorFlow.NET机器学习入门【8】采用GPU进行学习

 随着网络越来约复杂，训练难度越来越大，有条件的可以采用GPU进行学习。本文介绍如何在GPU环境下使用TensorFlow.NET。

TensorFlow.NET使用GPU非常的简单，代码不用做任何修改，更换一个依赖库即可，程序是否能运行成功主要看环境是否安装正确，这篇文章重点介绍的也就是环境的安装了。

CUDA和cuDNN的安装都比较容易，重点是要装对版本。

 

1、确认安装版本

首先电脑得有一块NVIDIA的显卡！

在桌面右键选择NVIDIA控制面板，在程序左下角点击 ：系统信息。

 

首先要确认显卡CUDA的版本，我的是10.1，实际安装时要根据自己的环境来。

根据显卡CUDA版本，需要安装对应的CUDA Toolkit和cuDNN的包，同时也要引用对应版本的TensorFlow_gpu运行库。

这是TensorFlow官方网站提供的一个对应关系。

   

2、安装CUDA Toolkit

安装包下载地址：CUDA Toolkit 11.5 Update 1 Downloads | NVIDIA Developer

由于不可描述的原因，网站打开很慢，需要有一定的耐心。

我下载的程序为：cuda_10.1.243_win10_network.exe，要保证前两个版本号和本机显卡的CUDA版本一致，最后一位影响不大。

只要选对版本，安装就没有问题了，基本一路下一步就可以了。

 

3、安装cuDNN

在NVIDIA网站搜索cuDNN即可找到下载地址，同样要注意版本。 

我下载的文件为：cudnn-10.1-windows10-x64-v8.0.5.39.zip

从文件名可以看出，该软件版本为8.0，对应的CUDA版本为10.1，这点和TensonFlow网站上说的不完全一致，但实测可以使用。

注意cuDNN软件不需要安装，只要解压到指定目录即可。

假设CUDA安装目录为：C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\V10.1

解压后的文件包括：bin、inclue、lib三个文件夹，和CUDA安装目录下的三个同名文件夹合并即可。

【我怀疑随便解压到什么位置，只要把路径加入到path里即可，但我没有测试过。】

 

4、更换依赖库

本系列第一篇就介绍过一个TensorFlow,NET项目的依赖库如下：

如果需要采用GPU学习，更改其中的一个库如下即可。

需要注意运行库的版本。我的GPU最高支持2.3

 如果此时你的运行环境没有具备，程序运行时会弹出警告，并自动切换到CPU进行计算。

 

5、调试

如果环境没有安装成功，程序运行会打印下列信息：

2021-08-29 09:46:26.631756: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cudart64_110.dll'; dlerror: cudart64_110.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:26.633225: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.
2021-08-29 09:46:27.323608: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:142] This TensorFlow binary is optimized with oneAPI Deep Neural Network Library (oneDNN) to use the following CPU instructions in performance-critical operations:  AVX2
To enable them in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.
2021-08-29 09:46:27.993386: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cudart64_110.dll'; dlerror: cudart64_110.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:27.994493: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cublas64_11.dll'; dlerror: cublas64_11.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:27.997410: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cufft64_10.dll'; dlerror: cufft64_10.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:27.998498: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'curand64_10.dll'; dlerror: curand64_10.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:27.999403: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cusolver64_11.dll'; dlerror: cusolver64_11.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:28.000402: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cusparse64_11.dll'; dlerror: cusparse64_11.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:28.001807: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'cudnn64_8.dll'; dlerror: cudnn64_8.dll not found
2021-08-29 09:46:28.001917: W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1835] Cannot dlopen some GPU libraries. Please make sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properly if you would like to use GPU. Follow the guide at https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu for how to download and setup the required libraries for your platform.
Skipping registering GPU devices...

关键字：Could not load dynamic library

 

如果环境安装成功，则显示如下：

2021-08-30 15:10:25.201050: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cudart64_101.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:25.471127: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:142] This TensorFlow binary is optimized with oneAPI Deep Neural Network Library (oneDNN)to use the following CPU instructions in performance-critical operations:  AVX2
To enable them in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.
2021-08-30 15:10:25.481201: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:168] XLA service 0x1fa714fedc0 initialized for platform Host (this does not guarantee that XLA will be used). Devices:
2021-08-30 15:10:25.481288: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:176]   StreamExecutor device (0): Host, Default Version
2021-08-30 15:10:25.485142: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library nvcuda.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.377044: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1716] Found device 0 with properties:
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0 name: GeForce GTX 1060 computeCapability: 6.1
coreClock: 1.6705GHz coreCount: 10 deviceMemorySize: 6.00GiB deviceMemoryBandwidth: 178.99GiB/s
2021-08-30 15:10:26.377230: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cudart64_101.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.385642: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cublas64_10.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.390730: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cufft64_10.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.392476: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library curand64_10.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.402477: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cusparse64_10.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.413454: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cudnn64_7.dll
2021-08-30 15:10:26.414923: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1858] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2021-08-30 15:10:27.287767: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1257] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2021-08-30 15:10:27.287889: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1263]      0
2021-08-30 15:10:27.289201: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1276] 0:   N
2021-08-30 15:10:27.290348: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1402] Created TensorFlow device (/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 4826 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1060, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1)
2021-08-30 15:10:27.297029: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:168] XLA service 0x1fa3d8c6890 initialized for platform CUDA (this does not guarantee that XLA will be used). Devices:
2021-08-30 15:10:27.297143: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:176]   StreamExecutor device (0): GeForce GTX 1060, Compute Capability 6.1
2021-08-30 15:10:27.890649: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:48] Successfully opened dynamic library cublas64_10.dll

关键字：Successfully opened dynamic library

  

【相关资源】

 源码：Git: https://gitee.com/seabluescn/tf_not.git

目录：查看TensorFlow.NET机器学习入门系列目录