绘制饼图、直方图、曲线图
步骤
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C#.NET初学者常常会遇到，在 WinForm中，绘制饼图、直方图、曲线图等基本统计图形。下面给出了集中图形的详细设计的.CS代码供学习实验，以便自定义图形类。
工具/原料
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C#.NET
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数据库，如MSSQL、Oracle、MySQL、 Access均可
步骤/方法
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引用
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Services.Description;
using System.CodeDom;
using Microsoft.CSharp;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Collections; -
构建类库
public class Func
{
private static AChart chart = new AChart();
private static Object[] ChartColor ={ Color.Red, Color.Blue, Color.Orange, Color.Green,Color.Cyan, Color.Purple, Color.Coral, Color.Chocolate, Color.Gray, Color.Gold, Color.Lavender, Color.Linen, Color.Magenta, Color.Moccasin, Color.Navy, Color.Olive, Color.Peru, Color.Plum, Color.Purple, Color.Salmon, Color.Sienna, Color.Silver, Color.Tan, Color.Tomato, Color.Violet, Color.Turquoise, Color.Transparent};
/// <summary>
/// 填充饼图、直方图、曲线图到容器里
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chartTitle">标题</param>
/// <param name="control">容器(Panel,Form,TabPage)</param>
/// <param name="dataSet">对Table[0]进行操作，饼图取最前两列，第一列为名字，第二列为值。单数据直方图取最前两列，第一列为横轴每列名称，第二列为值。多数据直方图第一列为横轴父项名称，然后依次取前一列为横轴每列名称，后一列为值。曲线图取第一列为横轴每列名称，往后每列都代表一条曲线，列名为曲线名称。</param>
/// <param name="chartType">图表类型</param>
/// <param name="minNumber">刻度最小值，此参数对饼图无效</param>
/// <param name="maxNumber">刻度最大值，此参数对饼图无效</param>
/// <param name="scale">刻度值，此参数对饼图无效</param>
/// <param name="unit">值的单位，此参数对饼图无效</param>
public static void DrawingChart(string chartTitle, Control control, DataSet dataSet, ChartType chartType, int minNumber, int maxNumber, int scale,string unit)
{
DrawingChartInclude(chartTitle, control, dataSet, chartType, minNumber, maxNumber, scale,unit);
}
/// <summary>
/// 填充饼图到容器里
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chartTitle">标题</param>
/// <param name="control">容器(Panel,Form,TabPage)</param>
/// <param name="dataSet">对Table[0]进行操作，取最前两列，第一列为名字，第二列为值</param>
public static void DrawingChart(string chartTitle,Control control, DataSet dataSet)
{
DrawingChartInclude(chartTitle, control, dataSet, ChartType.Piegraph, 0, 0, 0,"");
}
private static void DrawingChartInclude(string chartTitle, Control control, DataSet dataSet, ChartType chartType, int minNumber, int maxNumber, int scale,string unit)
{
if (control.Height < 230 || control.Width < 230)
{
Func.Msg("容器宽度或长度设置过小！（宽度和长度必须>=230）");
return;
}
if (control.GetType().Name.Equals("Form") || control.GetType().Name.Equals("TabPage") || control.GetType().Name.Equals("GroupBox") || control.GetType().Name.Equals("Panel"))
{
for (int i = 0; i < chart.Count; i++)
{
if (control == (Control)chart[i].crtObj)
{
chart.RemoveChart(i);
break;
}
}
chart.AddChart(chartTitle, control, chartType, dataSet, minNumber, maxNumber, scale,unit);
control.Paint += new PaintEventHandler(control_Paint);
control.Disposed += new EventHandler(control_Disposed);
control.Refresh();
}
else
{
Func.Msg("该容器不是Form,TabPage,GroupBox,Panel类型！");
return;
}
}
static void control_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < chart.Count; i++)
{
if (chart[i].crtType == ChartType.None)
{
break;
}
else if (chart[i].crtObj != sender)
{
continue;
}
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int diameter = Math.Min(((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Height, ((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Width) - 100;
if (((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Width >= ((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Height)
{
x = (((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Width - ((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Height) / 2 + 50;
y = 50;
}
else
{
x = 50;
y = (((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Height - ((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Width) / 2 + 50;
}
Pen line = new Pen(Color.Black, 2);
SolidBrush linesb = new SolidBrush(Color.DarkGreen);
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, diameter, diameter);
Pen title = new Pen(Color.Blue, 2);
SolidBrush B = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
StringFormat Ll = new StringFormat();
Ll.Alignment = System.Drawing.StringAlignment.Near;
int height = ((Control)chart[i].crtObj).Height - 20;
RectangleF RectTitle = new RectangleF(5, 5, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtTitle, new Font("Arial", 14), B, RectTitle, Ll);
#region 饼图
if (chart[i].crtType == ChartType.Piegraph)
{
float total = 0;
float fontWidth = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++)
{
total += (float)Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][1].ToString());
if (fontWidth < e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width)
{
fontWidth = e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width;
}
}
float next = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++)
{
SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush((Color)ChartColor[j % ChartColor.Length]);
float tmp = (float)(Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][1].ToString()) / total * 100 * 3.6);
e.Graphics.FillPie(sb, rect, next, tmp);
RectTitle = new RectangleF(5, height, diameter, diameter);
B = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), B, RectTitle, Ll);
RectTitle = new RectangleF(5 + (int)fontWidth + 2, height, 10, 12);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(sb, RectTitle);
RectTitle = new RectangleF(x + diameter + 2, height, 10, 12);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(sb, RectTitle);
RectTitle = new RectangleF(x + diameter + 14, height, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(Convert.ToString(Math.Round((Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][1].ToString()) / total * 100), 0)) + "%", new Font("Arial", 10), B, RectTitle, Ll);
height -= 20;
next += tmp;
}
}
#endregion
#region 直方图
else if (chart[i].crtType == ChartType.Histogram)
{
e.Graphics.DrawLine(line, x, y, x, y + diameter);
height = y + diameter - 12;
int scaleBS = diameter / ((chart[i].crtMaxNumber - chart[i].crtMinNumber) / chart[i].crtScale);
float fontWidth = e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtMaxNumber.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width;
for (int j = chart[i].crtMinNumber; j <= chart[i].crtMaxNumber; j += chart[i].crtScale)
{
RectangleF RectScaleHeightLine = new RectangleF(x - fontWidth - 1, height, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(j.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), linesb, RectScaleHeightLine, Ll);
height -= scaleBS;
}
height = y + diameter;
int width = x + 10;
for (int j = 0; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++)
{
if (chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns.Count <= 2)
{
SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush((Color)ChartColor[j % ChartColor.Length]);
RectangleF RectScale = new RectangleF(width, height, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), sb, RectScale, Ll);
double aa = Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][1].ToString()) / chart[i].crtScale * scaleBS;
RectScale = new RectangleF(width, y + diameter - (int)aa, 20, (int)aa);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(sb, RectScale);
RectScale = new RectangleF(width, y + diameter - (int)aa - 15, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][1].ToString() + chart[i].crtUnit, new Font("Arial", 10), sb, RectScale);
}
else
{
int sbnum = 0;
RectangleF RectScale = new RectangleF(width, height + 24, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), B, RectScale, Ll);
for (int k = 1; k < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns.Count; k += 2)
{
SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush((Color)ChartColor[sbnum % ChartColor.Length]);
sbnum++;
RectScale = new RectangleF(width, height + (sbnum % 2) * 12, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][k].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 8), sb, RectScale, Ll);
double aa = Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][k + 1].ToString()) / chart[i].crtScale * scaleBS;
RectScale = new RectangleF(width, y + diameter - (int)aa, 20, (int)aa);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(sb, RectScale);
RectScale = new RectangleF(width, y + diameter - (int)aa - 15, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][k + 1].ToString() + chart[i].crtUnit, new Font("Arial", 8), sb, RectScale);
width += 30;
}
}
if ((fontWidth + e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtUnit, new Font("Arial", 10)).Width) >= 30)
{
width += (int)fontWidth + (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtUnit, new Font("Arial", 10)).Width + 10;
}
else
{
width += 30;
}
}
e.Graphics.DrawLine(line, x, y + diameter, width, y + diameter);
}
#endregion
#region 曲线图
else if (chart[i].crtType == ChartType.Polygram)
{
int width = x;
int scaleBS = diameter / ((chart[i].crtMaxNumber - chart[i].crtMinNumber) / chart[i].crtScale);
int scaleWidthBS = diameter / chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
height = y + diameter - ((chart[i].crtMaxNumber - chart[i].crtMinNumber) / chart[i].crtScale) * scaleBS;
float fontWidth = e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtMaxNumber.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width;
for (int j = 0; j <= chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++)
{
e.Graphics.DrawLine(line, width, height, width, y + diameter);
width += scaleWidthBS;
}
height = y + diameter - 12;
for (int j = chart[i].crtMinNumber; j <= chart[i].crtMaxNumber; j += chart[i].crtScale)
{
e.Graphics.DrawLine(line, x, height + 12, x + scaleWidthBS * chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count, height + 12);
RectangleF RectScaleHeightLine = new RectangleF(x - fontWidth - 1, height, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(j.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), linesb, RectScaleHeightLine, Ll);
height -= scaleBS;
}
width = x;
height = y + diameter;
double nowheight = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++)
{
height = y + diameter;
SolidBrush textsb = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
RectangleF rectText = new RectangleF(width + scaleWidthBS, height + 2 + (j % 2) * 12, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][0].ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), textsb, rectText);
//
for (int k = 1; k < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns.Count; k++)
{
Pen polygramLine = new Pen((Color)ChartColor[(k - 1) % ChartColor.Length]);
SolidBrush valueSB = new SolidBrush((Color)ChartColor[(k - 1) % ChartColor.Length]);
double aa = y + diameter;
if (j > 0)
{
aa = y + diameter - Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j - 1][k].ToString()) / chart[i].crtScale * scaleBS;
}
nowheight = y + diameter - Convert.ToDouble(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][k].ToString()) / chart[i].crtScale * scaleBS;
e.Graphics.DrawLine(polygramLine, width, (int)aa, width + scaleWidthBS, (int)nowheight);
RectangleF RectScale = new RectangleF(width + scaleWidthBS, (int)nowheight - 12, diameter, diameter);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Rows[j][k].ToString() + chart[i].crtUnit, new Font("Arial", 10), valueSB, RectScale);
}
width += scaleWidthBS;
}
fontWidth = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns.Count; j++)
{
if (fontWidth < e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns[j].ColumnName.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width)
{
fontWidth = e.Graphics.MeasureString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns[j].ColumnName.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10)).Width;
}
}
height = y + diameter;
for (int j = 1; j < chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns.Count; j++)
{
RectTitle = new RectangleF(5, height, diameter, diameter);
B = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
SolidBrush valueSB = new SolidBrush((Color)ChartColor[(j - 1) % ChartColor.Length]);
e.Graphics.DrawString(chart[i].crtDataSet.Tables[0].Columns[j].ColumnName.ToString(), new Font("Arial", 10), B, RectTitle, Ll);
RectTitle = new RectangleF(5 + (int)fontWidth + 2, height, 15, 12);
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(valueSB, RectTitle);
height -= 20;
}
}
#endregion
break;
}
}
catch
{
return;
}
}
static void control_Disposed(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
for (int i=0;i<chart.Count;i++)
{
if ((Control)sender == (Control)chart[i].crtObj)
{
chart.RemoveChart(i);
break;
}
}
}
}
public class pChart
{
public Object crtObj;
public ChartType crtType;
public DataSet crtDataSet;
public string crtTitle = "";
public int crtMinNumber = 0;
public int crtMaxNumber = 0;
public int crtScale = 0;
public string crtUnit = "";
public pChart(string chartTitle,Object chartObject, ChartType chartType, DataSet chartDataSet, int minNumber, int maxNumber, int scale,string unit)
{
crtObj = chartObject;
crtType = chartType;
crtDataSet = chartDataSet;
crtTitle = chartTitle;
crtMinNumber = minNumber;
crtMaxNumber = maxNumber;
crtScale = scale;
crtUnit = unit;
}
}
public class AChart : System.Collections.CollectionBase
{
public AChart()
{ }
public void AddChart(string chartTitle, Object chartObject, ChartType chartType, DataSet chartDataSet, int minNumber, int maxNumber, int scale,string unit)
{
List.Add(new pChart(chartTitle,chartObject,chartType,chartDataSet,minNumber,maxNumber,scale,unit));
}
public void RemoveChart(int index)
{
if (index > Count - 1 || index < 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("Index not valid!");
}
else
{
List.RemoveAt(index);
}
}
public AChart Item
{
get
{
return this;
}
}
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IndexerName("item")]
public pChart this[int index]
{
get
{
return (pChart)List[index];
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 图表类型
/// </summary>
public enum ChartType
{
/// <summary>
/// 直方图
/// </summary>
Histogram,
/// <summary>
/// 饼图
/// </summary>
Piegraph,
/// <summary>
/// 曲线图
/// </summary>
Polygram,
/// <summary>
/// None
/// </summary>
None
} -
测试用例：
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds = Func.DBbind("select '甲' as name,50 as value union all select '乙',60 union all select '丙',70 union all select '丁',80");
Func.DrawingChart("饼图测试", this.panel1, ds);
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds = Func.DBbind("select '甲' as name,50 as value union all select '乙',60 union all select '丙',70 union all select '丁',80");
Func.DrawingChart("直方图一测试", this.panel1, ds,ChartType.Histogram,0,100,10,"万");
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds = Func.DBbind("select '一月' as 月份,'甲' as name,50 as value,'乙' as name2,60 as value2 union all select '二月' as 月份,'甲',70,'乙',80");
Func.DrawingChart("直方图一测试", this.panel1, ds, ChartType.Histogram, 0, 100, 10, "万");
}
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds = Func.DBbind("select '一月' as 月份,50 as 甲,60 as 乙 union all select '二月', 60,40 union all select '三月',70,50 union all select '四月',30,60 union all select '五月',40,80 union all select '六月',70,90");
Func.DrawingChart("曲线图测试", this.panel1, ds, ChartType.Polygram, 0, 100, 10, "瓦");
} -
实验结果展示
注意事项
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注：
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1.测试用例内的ds数据请自行写数据库连接，用Sqladapter.Fill填充。
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2.不同的数据库，注意数据操作的差异性。
