Request获取客户端IP
获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr() ,这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
正向代理是客户端(google.com),反向代理是服务器(baidu.com)。
如果使用了反向代理软件,将http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理为http://www.xxx.com/ 的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr() 方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110 ,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问http://www.xxx.com/index.jsp/ 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr() 的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:
public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) { if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) { return request.getRemoteAddr(); } return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); }
可是当我访问http://www.xxx.com/index.jsp/ 时,返回的IP地址始终是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110 了,而我访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp 时,则能返回客户端的真实IP地址,写了个方法去验证。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 项默认是为on,如果 forwarded_for 设成了 off 则:X-Forwarded-For: unknown
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:
public String getRemoteHost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request){
if(request == null) {
return "unknown";
}
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){ ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){ ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){ ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); } return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")?"127.0.0.1":ip; }
或
1 public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) 2 { 3 if (request == null) 4 { 5 return "unknown"; 6 } 7 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); 8 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) 9 { 10 ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); 11 } 12 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) 13 { 14 ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); 15 } 16 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) 17 { 18 ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); 19 } 20 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) 21 { 22 ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP"); 23 } 24 25 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) 26 { 27 ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); 28 } 29 30 return "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip) ? "127.0.0.1" : ip; 31 }