hackerrank HourRank 21 Hard Tree Isomorphism(无根树同构)

传送门:https://www.hackerrank.com/contests/hourrank-21/challenges/tree-isomorphism

题意是给你一颗树,求该树的子树中有多少棵不同构的树。

同构的概念见题目或者自行百度

由于是棵树,所以边数m为点数n-1,可以枚举2^m次方,用并查集(或者dfs判连通性)判断当前情况是否是一棵树,如果是就进行Hash判断是否重构。

暂时不懂这Hash判重构的原理,先记录下用法:

对于有根树,我只要从点开始跑一发hash,如果两棵树的hash值不同,说明两棵树不同构。如果是无根树,我需要判断从所有点开始跑的hash都要相同才说明两棵树不同构。所以对于无根树,我可以用set储存在该树的所有点得到的hash值,这个set就相当于该树的hash值。那么对于这题,我可以枚举所有边的情况后得到树,再得到该树的hash值,存进set中,最后set的size()+1就是答案(+1是只有一个点的情况)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#define X first
#define Y second
#define clr(u,v); memset(u,v,sizeof(u));
#define in() freopen("data","r",stdin);
#define out() freopen("ans","w",stdout);
#define Clear(Q); while (!Q.empty()) Q.pop();
#define pb push_back
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int maxn = 20;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
struct Edge
{
    int v, to;
} E[maxn*2];
struct node
{
    int u, v, flag;
} P[maxn];
int head[maxn], cnt;
void addedge(int v, int u)
{
    E[cnt].v = u, E[cnt].to = head[v];
    head[v] = cnt++;
}

#define mod 9973
int h[maxn];//树的最大深度等于点数-1
int vis[maxn];

int Hash(int cur, int depth)//Hash部分
{
    int Sum = h[depth];
    vis[cur] = 1;
    for(int i = head[cur]; ~i; i = E[i].to)
        if(!vis[E[i].v])
            Sum = (Sum + Hash(E[i].v, depth + 1) * h[depth]) % mod;
    vis[cur] = 0;
    return (Sum * Sum) % mod;
}
set <set<int> > S;
int f[maxn], n, sum[maxn];

void init()
{
    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) f[i] = i, sum[i] = 1;
    clr(head, -1);
    cnt = 0;
}
int find(int x)
{
    return f[x] == x ? x : f[x] = find(f[x]);
}
void mix(int x, int y)
{
    int fx = find(x), fy = find(y);
    if (fx == fy) return ;
    f[fx] = fy;
    sum[fy] += sum[fx];
}
int ind = 1;
void solve()
{
    set <int> temp;//此时树的hash值
    init();
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        if (P[i].flag)
        {
            mix(P[i].v, P[i].u);
            addedge(P[i].v, P[i].u);
            addedge(P[i].u, P[i].v);
        }
    int Sum = 0, st = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)//利用并查集判断是否是一棵树,Sum==1说明是点数大于1的树
        if (find(i) == i && sum[i] != 1)
        {
            st = i;
            Sum++;
        }
    if (Sum != 1) return ;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        if (find(i) == st)
        {
            int cur = Hash(i, 1);//cur 代表从cur这个点开始跑的hash值
            temp.insert(cur);
        }
    S.insert(temp);
}
void dfs(int cur)//2^(n-1)枚举所有情况
{
    if (cur == n)
    {
        solve();
        return ;
    }
    P[cur].flag = 1;
    dfs(cur + 1);
    P[cur].flag = 0;
    dfs(cur + 1);
}
int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 0; i <= n; ++i)
        h[i] = rand() % mod;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        scanf("%d%d", &P[i].u, &P[i].v);
    dfs(1);
    printf("%d\n", (int)S.size() + 1);
    return 0;
}

 

posted @ 2017-06-03 02:03  酱油党gsh  阅读(332)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报