定义自己的控制结构,使它语言内置的用法一样

 

package exp

object Main {
  def enableCustomerIF = false;
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = 
    IF(1 / 0 == 0) // 这里就不用写 IF(()=>3>2)(()=>println("hello");
    {//这不是语言内置的IF,大括号可不能省略
      List("hello","world") foreach println;
    }
  
  //()=>Boolean 替换成 =>Boolean 就可以实现在不传递参数时省略掉()=>了,为避免歧义要在:与=>之间多留一些空格
  def IF(condition: => Boolean)(op: => Unit): Unit = //如果 condition 的类型定义成 Boolean表达式 而不是 =>Boolean的函数的话 禁用 enableCustomerIF 也会报错
      if (enableCustomerIF && condition) //condition 是函数调用,因此1/0==0在 enableCustomerIF=false时不会执行
        op; //op的定义如果是()=>Unit 执行时就要带括号了
}

定义类的可读\写属性

package exp
object Main {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    {
      val s = new Stu;
      s.age = 10;
      println(s.age);
    }
}

class Stu {
  private var n = "";
  private var g = 0;

  def name = this.n;
  def name_=(x: String): Unit = this.n = x;//这个定义更标准,生成的代码也很简单

  def age = this.g;
  def age_= = this.g = _: Int;//这个定义看上去很简单,更函数式,但是不好理解生成的代码更复杂
}

模式匹配实现的表达式解析

package exp {
    object Main {
        def simplifyTop(ex: Expr): Expr = ex match {
            case UnOp("-", Var(x))          => Var("-" + x);
            case UnOp("-", UnOp("-", e))    => simplifyTop(e);
            case BinOp("+", e, Number(0))   => e;
            case BinOp("*", e, Number(1))   => e;
            case BinOp("+", Var(x), Var(y)) => Var(x + y);
            case BinOp("+", a, b)           => BinOp("+", simplifyTop(a), simplifyTop(b))
            case _                          => ex;
        }

        def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
            {
                val x = simplifyTop(BinOp("+", Var("x"), Var("y")));
                println(x);
            }
      
    abstract class Expr;
    case class Var(name: String) extends Expr;
    case class BinOp(op: String, left: Expr, right: Expr) extends Expr;
    case class Number(num: Double) extends Expr;
    case class UnOp(op: String, arg: Expr) extends Expr;
  }

}

 

foreach 迭代器和 for (p <- x) 循环迭代是不太一样的

object Main {

    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
        {
            val x = 1 to 10;
            var i = 0;
            x.foreach {
                // i = i+1; 放在这里只执行一次 , foreach 和 for(p <- x) 迭代器还是不一样的
                p =>{
                        i = i + 1; //放在这里会执行10次
                        println(p);
                    }
            }

            println(i)

            i = 0;
            for (p <- x) {
                i = i + 1; //执行10次
                println(p);
            }
            println(i);
        }

}

  

  

package exp
{
    object Main {
        
      def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
            
            //数组传递给可变参数 :_*
            def sum(x:Int*)=x.sum;
            println(sum(Array(1,2,3):_*))
           
            //匹配数组或列表多个元素 _* 
            val Array(a,_,b,_*) = Array(1,2,3,4,5);
            println(b);
            
            val List(c,_,d,_*) = List(1,2,3,4,5,6)
            println(d);
            
            //模式匹配上变量绑定 @ case UnOp("abs",e@UnOp("abs",_)) => e 
      }

    }
}

 

Option 类型的使用

package exp
{
    object Main {    
      def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
            div(8,1) match{
                case None => println("none");
                case Some(y) => println(y);
            }
      }
      
      def div(x:Int,y:Int):Option[Int] = if(y==0) None else Some(x/y)
    } 
}

  

各种格式的函数定义

val foo : Int=>Int = x => x match {
                    case 0 => 0;
                    case x => x+1;   
            }
            
            val foo1 : Int=>Int = _ match {
                    case 0 => 0;
                    case x => x+1;
            }
            
            val foo2 : Int=>Int ={ //能省略掉match的只有这一种情况,指定函数类型变量,在case中直接用样本定义函数
                    case 0 => 0;
                    case x => x+1; 
            }
            
            val foo3 = (x:Int) => x match {
                case 0 => 0;
                case x => x+1;
            }
            
            def foo4(x:Int):Int = x match {
                case 0 => 0;
                case x => x+1;
            }
            
            
            def foo5(x:Int):Int = {
                x match
                {
                    case 0 => 0;
                    case x => x+1;
                }
            }

  

定义返回函数的函数

def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
            
            val f = (x:Int) => (y:Int)=>x+y; 
            println(f(3)(2));
            
            val g:Int=>Int=>Int = x=>y=>x+y;
            println(g(3)(2));

            def fxx(x:Int)(y:Int) = x+y;
            println(fxx(3)(2));
            
            
            def foo(x:Int) = {
               val tmp = (y:Int) =>  x+y;
               tmp;
            }
             println(foo(3)(2));
            
            def foo1(x:Int) = {
               def tmp(y:Int) =  x+y;
               tmp _;
            }    
            println(foo1(3)(2));
        }

  

如果函数只有一个变量,并且这个变量在最末尾,则这个变量的下划线也可以省略

def foo(add:Int=>Int):Int= add(2);
println(foo(2+));//p=>2+p 或 2+_ 或 2+

posted on 2014-03-29 16:53  scala  阅读(1157)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报