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CentOS7.9部署Oracle

CentOS7.9部署Oracle整体思路

  1. 准备好CentOS7.9系统和Oracle安装包。Oracle下载链接：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html
    系统配置最低要求：1c，2G
    可用内存需要交换空间
    介于1 GB和2 GB之间 RAM大小的1.5倍
    介于2 GB和16 GB之间 等于RAM的大小
    超过16 GB 16 GB
  2. 导入安装包
  3. 检查软件环境依赖包
  4. Oracle前系统配置（Oracle部署前准备）
  5. 重启系统
  6. 部署Oracle
  7. 执行
  8. 配置监听程序
  9. 静默创建数据库
  10. 设置Oracle开机启动
  11. 启动文件提权
  12. 防火墙放通Oracle的端口或关闭防火墙

Oracle部署

系统环境准备

  1. 手动添加swap分区（若有swap分区可忽略） 
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swap
chmod 600 /swap
swapon /swap
echo "/swap swap swap default 0 0">>/etc/fstab  #设置成自动挂载

     

  2. 配置hostname
    hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
echo "127.0.0.1     oracledb" >>/etc/hosts

     

  3. 关闭selinux
    sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config  
setenforce 0

     

     

  4. 安装Oracle安装依赖环境

     安装命令：

    yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
    yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

     
    检查依赖包安装是否成功：

    rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
    rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | wc -l

     

  5. 创建用户组和用户
    groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

    #Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)

    #OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)

    #OSOPER组 (通常为 oper)

    #Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)

     
    修改Oracle用户的密码：

    passwd oracle

     

     

  6. 配置内核参数和资源限制
    在/etc/sysctl.conf添加如下参数，如果系统中某个参数高于下面的参数的值 ，保留较大的值,下面的数值只是官方要求的最小值，可以根据系统调整数值，以优化系统性能
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

     
    使内核参数生效：

    sysctl -p

     
    在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下参数：

    oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

     


    在/etc/pam.d/login文件中，添加下面内容：

    session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

     
    /etc/profile 文件中添加如下内容：

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -p 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi

     
    使用/etc/profile文件生效：

    source /etc/profile

    禁用使用Transparent HugePages(启用Transparent HugePages,可能会导致造成内存在运行时的延迟分配，Oracle官方建议使用标准的HugePages):

    查看是否启用 如果显示 [always]说明启用了:
    cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

    禁用Transparent HugePages,在/etc/grub.conf添加如下内容:

    echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

     
    重新启动系统更改成为永久更改

  7. 创建Oracle安装目录
    mkdir -p /data/app/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/
chmod -R 775 /data/app/

     

     

  8. 配置Oracle用户环境变量
    在文件/home/oracle/.bash_profile里添加下面内容(具体值根据实际情况修改)：
    umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

     

     

     

  9. 重启系统
    reboot

     

  10. 安装Oracle
    安装rpm安装包
    rpm -ivh oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

     

  11. 配置监听配置
    su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp

#输出结果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /data/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

    查看监听

    netstat -tnpl | grep 1521

     

  12. 创建数据库
    编辑应答文件/data/etc/dbca.rsp：
    [GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

    执行静默建库：

    su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp

    执行过程如下：

    [oracle@oracledb ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

     查看进程：

    ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

# 执行结果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle   19304     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle   19306     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle   19310     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle   19312     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle   19314     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle   19316     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle   19318     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle   19320     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle   19322     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle   19324     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle   19326     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle   19328     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle   19330     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle   19332     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle   19334     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle   19336     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle   19338     1  0 18:33 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle   19361     1  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle   19376     1  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle   19396     1  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle   19398     1  0 18:34 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl

    查看监听状态：

    $ lsnrctl status

#结果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 02-JAN-2019 18:36:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                02-JAN-2019 18:20:21
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 15 min. 54 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracledb ~]$

     

  13. 登录数据库
    su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;

     

  14. 执行select时异常状态：
    SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

     

  15. 执行select时异常处理方法：
    输入startup：
    #startup的输出提示：
SQL> statup
SP2-0042: unknown command "statup" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'

    根据提示，将 O R A C L E B A S E / a d m i n / 数 据 库 名 称 / p f i l e 目 录 下 的 i n i t . o r a . x x x 形 式 的 文 件 c o p y 到 ORACLE_BASE/admin/数据库名称/pfile目录下的init.ora.xxx形式的文件copy到 ORACLEB​ASE/admin/数据库名称/pfile目录下的init.ora.xxx形式的文件copy到ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下initOracle.ora（根据startup提示）即可

    cp /data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.022019183329 initORCL.ora

     查看数据库编码：

    select * from v$version;

#结果
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE	11.2.0.1.0	Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

     激活scott用户

    alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
select username,account_status from dba_users;

     

  16. 设置Oracle开机自启动
    修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart：
    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

    修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut：

    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

    修改vi /etc/oratab

    orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

    新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle：

    #! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already running.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
   touch $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'stop')
   if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already stopping.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
   rm -f $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'restart')
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
'status')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 started.
      else
      echo $0 stopped.
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
   exit 1
esac
exit 0

    给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限：

    chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle

    开机启动oracle

    systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on

    给启动文件加权限

    cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

     

  17. 防火墙端口开放Oracle使用的端口或关闭防火墙
    #关闭Oracle使用的端口
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
    #关闭防火墙
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    systemctl status firewalld

     

     

 

posted @ 2023-10-16 11:00  Sawyerhan  阅读(246)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报