Ansible——循环与条件判断

Ansible循环(loop)

有时您想重复执行多次任务。在计算机编程中,这称为循环。常见的Ansible循环包括使用文件模块更改多个文件和/或目录的所有权,使用用户模块创建多个用户以及重复轮询步骤直到达到特定结果。Ansible提供了两个用于创建循环的关键字:loop和with_

注意:目前ansible2.5中,我们习惯于用loop替代with_*

循环方式

简单遍历

重复的任务可以作为标准循环写在简单的字符串列表上。可以直接在任务中定义列表

被控机上有3个用户。想利用循环删除这 3个用户

[root@localhost ~]# id test1
uid=1001(test1) gid=1001(test1) groups=1001(test1)
[root@localhost ~]# id test2
uid=1002(test2) gid=1002(test2) groups=1002(test2),10(wheel)
[root@localhost ~]# id test3
uid=1003(test3) gid=1003(test3) groups=1003(test3),0(root)



[root@localhost project]# vim ceshi2.yml 
---
- name: test
  hosts: 192.168.190.134
  tasks:
    - name: delete user
      user: 
        name: "{{ item }}"               调用循环变量。代表loop下面的循环体
        state: absent
      loop:
        - test1                          创建3个列表。用来代表循环体
        - test2
        - test3


changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test1)
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test2)
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test3)
......

同时也可以利用变量来作为循环体

[root@localhost project]# !vim
vim ceshi2.yml 
---
- name: test
  hosts: 192.168.190.134
  vars:
     test_name:        定义变量
       - test1
       - test2
       - test3
  tasks:
    - name: delete user
      user:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop: "{{ test_name }}"    调用变量
      
      
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test1)
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test2)
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item=test3) 

哈希表遍历

[root@localhost project]# !vim
vim ceshi2.yml 
---
- name: test
  hosts: 192.168.190.134
  tasks:
    - name: delete user
      user:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"        引用哈希表中子项
        groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - name: test1
          groups: root
        - name: test2
          groups: test1  



changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item={'name': 'test1', 'groups': 'root'})
changed: [192.168.190.134] => (item={'name': 'test2', 'groups': 'test1'})

注册变量与loop

---
- name: test
  hosts: 192.168.190.134
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    - name: delete user
      shell: echo '{{ item }}'
      loop:
        - one
        - two
      register: result
    - name: print
      debug:
        msg: "{{ result.results }}"
        
ansible_facts": {
                "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
            },
            "ansible_loop_var": "item",
            "changed": true,
            "cmd": "echo 'one'",
            "delta": "0:00:00.003743",
            "end": "2020-09-06 11:27:13.127451",
            "failed": false,
            "invocation": {
......        

Ansible条件判断(when)

条件判断:

when的值是一个条件表达式,如果条件判断成立,这个task就执行,如果判断不成立,则task不执行

常见判断符号

符号 说明
== 比较两个对象是否相等,相等为真
=! 比较两个对象是否不等,不等为真

|比较两个值的大小,如果左边的值大于右边的值,则为真|
<|比较两个值的大小,如果左边的值小于右边的值,则为真|
=|比较两个值的大小,如果左边的值大于右边的值或左右相等,则为真|
<=|比较两个值的大小,如果左边的值小于右边的值或左右相等,则为真|
and|逻辑与,当左边与右边同时为真,则返回真|
or|逻辑或,当左边与右边有任意一个为真,则返回真|
not|取反|
is defined| 变量被定义且存在
is not defined| 变量不存在

简单判断

例:

  • 被控机必须是RedHat系统
  • 被控及版本号必须为8.1
[root@localhost project]# vim ceshi1.yml 
---
- hosts: test_group
  tasks:
    - name: when
      shell: echo 'hellp world'
      when:
        - ansible_facts.distribution == 'RedHat'
        - ansible_facts.distribution_version  == '8.1'
      register: result
    - debug:
        var: result.stdout_lines


changed: [192.168.190.134]
changed: [192.168.190.133]

ok: [192.168.190.133] => {
    "result.stdout_lines": [
        "hellp world"             两台主机成功打印
    ]
}
ok: [192.168.190.134] => {
    "result.stdout_lines": [
        "hellp world"
    ]
}

组合判断

when 后加>,可以多行编辑

---
- hosts: test_group
  tasks:
    - name: when
      shell: echo 'hellp world'
      when: >
        (ansible_facts.distribution == 'RedHat' and ansible_facts.distribution_version  == '8.1') 
        or 
        (ansible_facts.distribution == 'CentOS' and ansible_facts.distribution_version == '7.1')
      register: result
    - debug:
        var: result.stdout_lines

示例

删除test1用户,如果change值为true则证明成功执行,否则失败。且需要打印信息

注意:ignore_errors"表示即使当前task执行报错,ansible也会忽略这个错误,继续执行playbook

---
- name: 测试
  hosts: test_group
  tasks:
    - name: delete  user test1
      user:
        name: test1
        state: absent
      register: result
      ignore_errors: yes                执行错误,play继续。
    - debug:
        msg: "命令运行成功"
      when:
        result.changed == True
    - debug:
        msg: "命令运行失败"
      when:     
        result.changed != True


134主机上有test1,但是133主机上没有test1,所以134执行成功,但是133执行失败。
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************   
skipping: [192.168.190.133]
ok: [192.168.190.134] => {                                  
    "msg": "命令运行成功"
}

TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.190.133] => {
    "msg": "命令运行失败"
}
skipping: [192.168.190.134]

posted @ 2020-09-06 15:11  阿不思布丁  阅读(1094)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报