maven打包插件详解

maven-jar-plugin插件的使用及详解

该插件的xml配置及详解如下:

<plugin>
	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
	<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
	<version>2.4</version>
	<configuration>
		<archive>
			<!-- 生成的jar中,包含pom.xml和pom.properties这两个文件 -->
			<addMavenDescriptor>true</addMavenDescriptor>
			<!-- 生成MANIFEST.MF的设置 -->
			<manifest>
				<!--这个属性特别关键,如果没有这个属性,有时候我们引用的包maven库 
				下面可能会有多个包,并且只有一个是正确的,其余的可能是带时间戳的, 
				此时会在classpath下面把那个带时间戳的给添加上去,
				然后我们在依赖打包的时候,打的是正确的,所以两头会对不上,报错。 -->
				<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
				<!-- 为依赖包添加路径, 这些路径会写在MANIFEST文件的Class-Path下 -->
				<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
				<!-- 这个jar所依赖的jar包添加classPath的时候的前缀,如果这个jar本身
				和依赖包在同一级目录,则不需要添加 -->
				<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
				<!-- jar启动入口类 -->
				<mainClass>com.ht.pojo.Test</mainClass>
			</manifest>
			<manifestEntries>
				<!-- 在Class-Path下添加配置文件的路径 -->
				<Class-Path>../config/</Class-Path>
				<!-- 假如这个项目可能要引入一些外部资源,但是你打包的时候并不想把
				这些资源文件打进包里面,这个时候你必须在这边额外指定一些这些资源 
				文件的路径,这个位置指定的话,要根据你预期的这些位置去设置,我这边 
				所有jar都在lib下,资源文件都在config下,lib和config是同级的 
				同时还需要注意另外一个问题,假如你的pom文件里面配置了 
				<scope>system</scope>,就是你依赖是你本地的资源,这个时候使用 
				这个插件,classPath里面是不会添加,所以你得手动把这个依赖添加进 
				这个地方,用空格隔开就行 -->
			</manifestEntries>
		</archive>
		<!-- jar包的位置 -->
		<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
		<includes>
			<!-- 打jar包时,打包class文件和config目录下面的 properties文件 -->
			<!-- 有时候可能需要一些其他文件,这边可以配置,包括剔除的文件等等 -->
			<include>**/*.class</include>
			<include>**/*.properties</include>
		</includes>
	</configuration>
</plugin>

使用clean package命令打包成功后,目录结构如下所示:

Maven常用插件:maven-jar-plugin的使用及详解-图片-1

打开meventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar文件,查看打包成功后的项目结构

Maven常用插件:maven-jar-plugin的使用及详解-图片-2

maven-dependency-plugin插件的使用及详解

简介

maven-dependency-plugin是处理与依赖相关的插件。它有很多可用的goal,大部分是和依赖构建、分析和解决相关的goal,这部分goal可以直接用maven的命令操作,例如:mvn dependency:tree、mvn dependency:analyze 。

但是我们最常用到的是 dependency:copy,dependency:copy-dependencies 及dependency:unpack ,dependency:unpack-dependencies 这四个。

使用

插件声明:

<plugin>  
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
    <version>2.8</version>  
</plugin>  

dependency:copy

将一系列在此插件内列出的artifacts ,将他们copy到一个特殊的地方,重命名或者去除其版本信息。这个可以解决远程仓库存在但是本地仓库不存在的依赖问题,copy操作可以用来将某个(些)maven artifact(s)拷贝到某个目录下。添加phase和goal如下

<build>  
    <plugins>  
        <plugin>  
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
            <version>2.8</version>  
            <executions>  
                <execution>  
                    <phase>package</phase>  
                    <goals>  
                        <goal>copy</goal>  
                    </goals>  
                </execution>  
            </executions>  
        </plugin>  
    </plugins>  
</build>  

比如把junit拷到libs目录下

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.8</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <artifactItems>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>junit</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                        <version>4.11</version>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/libs</outputDirectory>
                    </artifactItem>
                </artifactItems>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

执行mvn package打包命令之后,会多出libs目录

img

dependency:unpack

unpack和copy类似,只不过它会把拷来的包解开,例如:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.8</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>unpack</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <artifactItems>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                        <version>1.7.7</version>
                    </artifactItem>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>junit</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                        <version>4.11</version>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/libs</outputDirectory>
                    </artifactItem>
                </artifactItems>
                <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

执行mvn package打包命令之后,slf4j复制到lib目录下,junit复制到libs目录下

img

junit和slf4j-log4j12拷完以后,放到lib和libs下的不再是Jar包,还是Jar包里的内容。

copy-dependencies 和 unpack-dependencies

上面介绍的copy 和 unpack操作是由要拷某个包,这个包需要具体指定要拷哪个包,与当前工程的依赖没有关系。

copy-dependencies和它有点类似,但是它是用来拷当前工程的依赖包的,典型的,例如我们有一个web应用,当打成war包的时候,它所有的依赖也需要被打到应用中。

copy-dependencies的参数有很多,详细的可以参考:copy-dependencies Doc,但是几乎所有都有默认值。所以一个最简单的定义如下:

<plugin>  
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
    <version>2.8</version>  
    <executions>  
        <execution>  
            <phase>package</phase>  
            <goals>  
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
            </goals>  
        </execution>  
    </executions>  
</plugin>  

这里没有指定任何配置,所有的参数都用默认值,则当前工程的所有依赖(直接、间接的)都会被拷到target/dependency目录下。

也可以使用outputDirectory指定存放在。另外,以下几个参数可以控制哪些依赖将被拷出(或排除):

Name Type Since Description
excludeArtifactIds String 2.0 Comma separated list of Artifact names to exclude. User property is: excludeArtifactIds.
excludeClassifiers String 2.0 Comma Separated list of Classifiers to exclude. Empty String indicates don't exclude anything (default). User property is: excludeClassifiers.
excludeGroupIds String 2.0 Comma separated list of GroupId Names to exclude. User property is: excludeGroupIds.
excludeScope String 2.0 Scope to exclude. An Empty string indicates no scopes (default). User property is: excludeScope.
excludeTransitive boolean 2.0 If we should exclude transitive dependencies Default value is: false. User property is: excludeTransitive.
excludeTypes String 2.0 Comma Separated list of Types to exclude. Empty String indicates don't exclude anything (default). User property is: excludeTypes.
includeArtifactIds String 2.0 Comma separated list of Artifact names to include. User property is: includeArtifactIds.
includeClassifiers String 2.0 Comma Separated list of Classifiers to include. Empty String indicates include everything (default). User property is: includeClassifiers.
includeGroupIds String 2.0 Comma separated list of GroupIds to include. User property is: includeGroupIds.
includeScope String 2.0 Scope to include. An Empty string indicates all scopes (default). The scopes being interpreted are the scopes as Maven sees them, not as specified in the pom. In summary:runtime scope gives runtime and compile dependencies,compile scope gives compile, provided, and system dependencies,test (default) scope gives all dependencies,provided scope just gives provided dependencies,system scope just gives system dependencies. User property is: includeScope.
includeTypes String 2.0 Comma Separated list of Types to include. Empty String indicates include everything (default). User property is: includeTypes.

例如当前工程有以下依赖:

<dependencies>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>junit</groupId>  
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
        <version>4.11</version>  
        <scope>test</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
        <version>1.7.7</version>  
        <scope>test</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>  
        <artifactId>camel-script</artifactId>  
        <version>2.13.2</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>  
        <artifactId>camel-spring</artifactId>  
        <version>2.13.2</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>  
        <artifactId>camel-xstream</artifactId>  
        <version>2.13.2</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>  
        <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  
        <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>  
        <artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>  
        <version>5.10.0</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>  
        <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>  
        <version>1.4.7</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.ogce</groupId>  
        <artifactId>xpp3</artifactId>  
        <version>1.1.6</version>  
    </dependency>  
</dependencies>  

要排除所有scope为test的依赖:

<plugin>  
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
    <version>2.8</version>  
    <executions>  
        <execution>  
            <phase>package</phase>  
            <goals>  
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
            </goals>  
        </execution>  
    </executions>  
    <configuration>  
        <includeScope>compile</includeScope>  
    </configuration>  
</plugin>  

注意:这里不能<excludeScope>test</excludeScope>,这样会把所有compile级别的也排除。看下图:

Copied From: Dependencies Scopes

scope/phase-> compile test run assembly
compile U U U U
provided U ! ! !
runtime ! U U U
test ! U ! !

说明:最左侧是表示dependency的scope级别,顶行表示maven的阶段,可以看出:compile级别的dependency会在所有阶段都被使用。

要排除所有camel的依赖,如下:

<configuration>  
    <excludeGroupIds>org.apache.camel</excludeGroupIds>  
</configuration>  

要排除除camel-spring外的所有其他依赖如下:

<configuration>  
    <includeArtifactIds>camel-spring</includeArtifactIds>  
</configuration>  

例子

打包需求描述

1、导出单独的项目jar包(精简,不包含依赖jar)

2、项目依赖的所有jar包导出到lib目录下

3、项目依赖oracle ojdbc8.jar,假设在maven仓库中并不存在,需要一并导出并添加进MANIFEST.MF文件中的Class-Path。--也可以将ojdbc8安装到本地maven仓库后直接导出

工程目录:

img

maven pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
    http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>cn.xk.dp</groupId>
		<artifactId>thirdparty</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>
	<artifactId>weixin-api</artifactId>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<log4j.version>2.13.0</log4j.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.30</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
			<version>4.5.11</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.30</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.66</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency> <!--添加本地jar包依赖-->
   			<groupId>oracle</groupId> 
   			<artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId> 
   			<version>1.0</version> 
   			<scope>system</scope> 
   			<systemPath>${pom.basedir}/lib/ojdbc8.jar</systemPath> 
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
		 <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                            <mainClass>cn.xk.dp.weixin.Driver</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                        <manifestEntries>  <!--将ojdbc8-1.0.jar写进MANIFEST.MF文件中的Class-Path-->
   				           <Class-Path>lib/ojdbc8-1.0.jar</Class-Path>
  			            </manifestEntries> 
                    </archive>
                    <excludes>   <!--排除用于测试的日志配置资源文件-->
                        <exclude>log4j2-test.xml</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
           </plugin>
		<plugin>  <!--在打包阶段将依赖的jar包导出到lib目录下-->
		  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
		  <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
		  <executions>
		    <execution>
			<id>copy-dependencies</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
			<goals>
			  <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
			</goals>
			<configuration>
			  <type>jar</type>
			  <includeTypes>jar</includeTypes>
	          <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
			</configuration>
		    </execution>
		  </executions>
	     </plugin>
      </plugins>
	</build>
</project>
posted @ 2021-05-13 14:59  satire  阅读(2179)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报