ALV面向对象方法研究：实现方法（一）

ALV报表在SAP系统里面几乎随处可见，只要跟报表有关的系统都会制作成ALV的形式。像SE11里面查看表格的内容，系统就以ALV的形式体现，在报表里面可以对任何的栏位进行排序，还可以对任何的列进行筛选，也可以导出成Excel文档，也能对数值列进行汇总。可以说ALV的报表在实际报表的开发中占有非常重要的地位。学会它是每个ABAPer必须要经过的一关。

目前实现ALV的形式报表主要有2种：调用函数REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY和用面向对象的方法实现。前一种比较普遍，不过性能好像不太高，如果查询语句写得不太精妙，很容易出现卡的情况。后者是采用面向对象的形式，事先在画面上画出一个控制区域，然后用代码的形式填充ALV进去。

现在着重介绍第二种方法。

1、首先在SE38里面新建一个程序：

2、保存退出，在SE51里面新建屏幕100：

3、打开格式，准备在上面画出一个控制区域：

4、然后在代码页里将状态，事件添加进去，同时在PBO里面添加一个MODULE，用于载入ALV报表：

5、回到SE38里面打开新建的程序，添加一个INCLUDE ZALV_OO 程序，将与ALV有关的代码放进去封装起来，这样以后所有的程序都可以调用：

INCLUDE ZALV_OO.

相关代码如下：

*ALV变量设定

DATA GR_ALVGRID TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_ALV_GRID .
DATA GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME TYPE SCRFNAME VALUE 'CC_ALV'. "对应我们画的控制区的名称
DATA GR_CCONTAINER TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER .
*---栏位
DATA GT_FIELDCAT TYPE LVC_T_FCAT .
*---布局
DATA GS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO .

*个人定义的变量
DATA: SET_COLOR       TYPE I,
      DECI_COUNT      TYPE P,
      CHR_COUNT(8)    TYPE C,
      TITLE(50)       TYPE C,
      ALL_FIELD       TYPE I,
      ALL_FIELD1      TYPE I,
      LV_INDEX        TYPE I,
      TABIX           LIKE SY-TABIX,
      TMP_TITLE       TYPE STRING.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  display_alv
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 显示ALV报表
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_TABLE TYPE TABLE.
  IF GR_ALVGRID IS INITIAL .
*----新建容器，填充到我们画的控制区域
    CREATE OBJECT GR_CCONTAINER
    EXPORTING
      CONTAINER_NAME              = GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME    "这个地方前面已经赋值了
    EXCEPTIONS
      CNTL_ERROR                  = 1
      CNTL_SYSTEM_ERROR           = 2
      CREATE_ERROR                = 3
      LIFETIME_ERROR              = 4
      LIFETIME_DYNPRO_DYNPRO_LINK = 5
      OTHERS                      = 6.
    IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
*----容器新建成功，然后在此容器里面新建ALV的实例
      CREATE OBJECT GR_ALVGRID
      EXPORTING
        I_PARENT          = GR_CCONTAINER
      EXCEPTIONS
        ERROR_CNTL_CREATE = 1
        ERROR_CNTL_INIT   = 2
        ERROR_CNTL_LINK   = 3
        ERROR_DP_CREATE   = 4
        OTHERS            = 5.
      IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
      ENDIF.
*----准备获取栏位列表
      PERFORM SETFIELDS.
"*-----设置布局
      PERFORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING GS_LAYOUT .

*准备完毕，显示ALV
      CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->SET_TABLE_FOR_FIRST_DISPLAY
      EXPORTING
*        I_BUFFER_ACTIVE =
*        I_CONSISTENCY_CHECK =
*        I_STRUCTURE_NAME =
*        IS_VARIANT =
*        I_SAVE =
*        I_DEFAULT = 'X'
        IS_LAYOUT = GS_LAYOUT
*        IS_PRINT =
*        IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS =
*        IT_TOOLBAR_EXCLUDING =
*        IT_HYPERLINK =
      CHANGING
        IT_OUTTAB = IT_TABLE[]     "设置成自己的内表
        IT_FIELDCATALOG = GT_FIELDCAT
*       IT_SORT =
*       IT_FILTER =
      EXCEPTIONS
        INVALID_PARAMETER_COMBINATION = 1
        PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
        TOO_MANY_LINES = 3
        OTHERS = 4 .
      IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
      ENDIF.
*刷新ALV
      CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->REFRESH_TABLE_DISPLAY
*      EXPORTING
*       IS_STABLE =
*       I_SOFT_REFRESH =
      EXCEPTIONS
        FINISHED = 1
        OTHERS = 2 .
      IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
*--Exception handling
      ENDIF.
    ENDIF .
  ENDIF.

*状态栏里面显示本报表名称和记录等信息
  CHR_COUNT = DECI_COUNT.
  CONDENSE CHR_COUNT.
  CONCATENATE TMP_TITLE '，共' CHR_COUNT '笔记录'  INTO TITLE.
  MESSAGE TITLE TYPE 'S'.

ENDFORM .                    "display_alv

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  prepare_layout
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       ALV属性，具体属性意义请参考LVC_S_LAYO
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->PS_LAYOUT  text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING PS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO.
  PS_LAYOUT-ZEBRA      = 'X' .
  PS_LAYOUT-GRID_TITLE = TITLE .
  PS_LAYOUT-SMALLTITLE = 'X' .
  PS_LAYOUT-SEL_MODE   = 'A'.
  PS_LAYOUT-INFO_FNAME = 'COLOR'.
  PS_LAYOUT-CWIDTH_OPT = 'X'.
  PS_LAYOUT-DETAILINIT = 'X'.
ENDFORM. " prepare_layout

*设置ALV表栏位的宏
DEFINE DSETFIELDS.
  DATA LS_FCAT TYPE LVC_S_FCAT .
  LS_FCAT-FIELDNAME = &1.
  LS_FCAT-INTTYPE   = 'C' .
  LS_FCAT-OUTPUTLEN = &3.
  LS_FCAT-COLTEXT   = &2.
  LS_FCAT-SELTEXT   = &2.
  APPEND LS_FCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT .
END-OF-DEFINITION.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      FORM  SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 调用宏设置栏位
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM SETFIELD USING TMP_FIELD  TYPE C
      TMP_NAME   TYPE C
      TMP_LENGTH TYPE I.
  DSETFIELDS TMP_FIELD TMP_NAME TMP_LENGTH.
ENDFORM.                    "SETFIELDS

6、设定完INCLUDE之后，在主程序里面新建一个内表：

     TABLES:SFLIGHT.
  DATA:BEGIN OF IT_SFLIGHT OCCURS 0,
          CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
          CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID,
          FLDATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
          PRICE  LIKE SFLIGHT-PRICE,
          COLOR(4) TYPE C,
       END OF IT_SFLIGHT.

  START-OF-SELECTION.
    PERFORM GETDATA. "读取数据
    CALL SCREEN 100. "呼叫屏幕

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       设置栏位
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
  FORM SETFIELDS.
    PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CARRID' '航线承运人ID' 3.
    PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CONNID' '航班连接 Id' 4.
    PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'FLDATE' '航班日期' 8.
    PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'PRICE' '航空运费' 15.
  ENDFORM.                    "SETFIELDS

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Module  DISPLAY_ALV  OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       在PBO里面传入内表内容以ALV展现
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
  MODULE DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT.
    PERFORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_SFLIGHT[].
  ENDMODULE.                 " DISPLAY_ALV  OUTPUT

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  GETDATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       读取数据
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
  FORM GETDATA .
    DATA:SET_COLOR TYPE I.
    SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_SFLIGHT FROM SFLIGHT
     WHERE CARRID IN S_CARRID
       AND CONNID IN S_CONNID
       AND FLDATE IN S_FLDATE
       AND PRICE  IN S_PRICE.
    DESCRIBE TABLE IT_SFLIGHT LINES DECI_COUNT. "获取记录数
    LOOP AT IT_SFLIGHT.
      SET_COLOR = SY-TABIX MOD 2.
      IF SET_COLOR = 0.
        IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR = 'C500'. "设置颜色
      ELSE.
        CLEAR IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR.
      ENDIF.
      MODIFY IT_SFLIGHT.
    ENDLOOP.
    TMP_TITLE = 'ALV面向对象测试'. "报表名称
  ENDFORM.                    " GETDATA