Linux ext4无法使用超过16T磁盘的解决办法
系统环境：Centos6.7 x86_64 己updte
磁盘：12*4T raid5 +hot
说明：操作系统与归档都使用同一个raid5
应用环境：邮局系统【文件大小从1K到100K不等，除附件】
一、查看分区 【fdisk -l】
[root@localhost sysadmin]# fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 40000.0 GB, 39999997214720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4863055 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT说明：此时文件系统己经超过16T，OS默认将其转换成了GPT格式的，所以使用fdisk无法查看到准确的分区信息。
二、使用parted 查看分区信息
[root@localhost sysadmin]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: LSI AOC-USAS2LP-H8iR (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 40.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 525MB 524MB ext4
2 525MB 263GB 262GB ext4
3 263GB 284GB 21.0GB ext4
4 284GB 288GB 4295MB linux-swap(v1)三、将余下的空间都分为/archive 作为归档的根目录
(parted) mkpart /archive 288G -1
(parted) p
Model: LSI AOC-USAS2LP-H8iR (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 40.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 525MB 524MB ext4
2 525MB 263GB 262GB ext4
3 263GB 284GB 21.0GB ext4
4 284GB 288GB 4295MB linux-swap(v1)
5 288GB 40.0TB 39.7TB /archive
(parted)q四、查看分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5
[root@localhost ~]#说明：此时己经找到新的分区【sda5】
五、修改/etc/mke2fd.conf
#vim /etc/mke2fs.conf
[fs_types]
ext3 = {
features = has_journal
}
ext4 = {
features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize
auto_64-bit_support = 1 #添加这一行
inode_size = 256
}六、下载e2fsprogs-1.42.13.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs/v1.42.8/e2fsprogs-1.42.13.tar.gz
[root@localhost e2fsprogs-1.42.13]# pwd
/home/sysadmin/e2fsprogs-1.42.13
[root@localhost e2fsprogs-1.42.13]# cd build/
[root@localhost build]# ../configure
....
[root@localhost build]# make && make install七、格式化分区
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -O 64bit,has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize -i 2048 /dev/sda5
[root@localhost build]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="908a3c8e-6d6a-4e01-8cad-2094ea99751f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="b533714f-4cb9-4394-907d-8d1ead424c85" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="0a0ec20e-b50b-4d89-9fa6-65602e4e8a3d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda4: TYPE="swap" UUID="b8e89719-670f-4b26-bbf3-86d13a1f935e"
/dev/sda5: UUID="3b5789ee-94c2-4296-bd99-5669200d826a" TYPE="ext4"mke2fs格式说明：
- -b<区块大小>：指定区块大小，单位为字节；
- -c；检查是否有损坏的区块；
- -f<不连续区段大小>：指定不连续区段的大小，单位为字节；
- -F：不管指定的设备为何，强制执行mke2fs；
- -i<字节>：指定”字节/inode”的比例；
- -N：指定要建立的inode数目；
- -l<文件>：从指定的文件中，读取文件西中损坏区块的信息；
- -L<标签>：设置文件系统的标签名称；
- -m<百分比值>：指定给管理员保留区块的比例，预设为5%；
- -M：记录最后一次挂入的目录；
- -q：执行时不显示任何信息；
- -r：指定要建立的ext2文件系统版本；
- -R=<区块数>：设置磁盘阵列参数；
- -S：仅写入superblock与group descriptors，而不更改inode able inode bitmap以及block bitmap；
- -v：执行时显示详细信息；
- -V：显示版本信息。
八、将对应的分区挂载即可以使用
[root@localhost build]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 20G 2.4G 16G 14% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 80M 372M 18% /boot
/dev/sda2 241G 120M 228G 1% /home
/dev/sda5 36T 20K 34T 1% /archive
[root@localhost build]# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 1281120 91214 1189906 8% /
tmpfs 2040386 1 2040385 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 128016 46 127970 1% /boot
/dev/sda2 16007168 1955 16005213 1% /home
/dev/sda5 4293781536 11 4293781525 1% /archive九、查看磁盘信息
[root@localhost build]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5
tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 3b5789ee-94c2-4296-bd99-5669200d826a
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 4293781536
Block count: 9695327232
Reserved block count: 484766361
Free blocks: 9426221107
Free inodes: 4293781525
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 14512
Inode blocks per group: 907
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Thu Oct 15 15:27:56 2015
Last mount time: Thu Oct 15 15:33:50 2015
Last write time: Thu Oct 15 15:33:50 2015
Mount count: 1
Maximum mount count: 33
Last checked: Thu Oct 15 15:27:56 2015
Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
Next check after: Tue Apr 12 15:27:56 2016
Lifetime writes: 202 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 56a5949a-5a49-4bc9-810d-9a9e2aa2109b
Journal backup: inode blocks
