Cobbler自动化批量部署CentOS6.5系统
Cobbler作为一个预备工具，使批量部署Red Hat/Centos/Fedora系统更容易，同时也支持Suse和Debian系统的部署。
它提供以下服务集成：
* PXE服务支持
* DHCP服务管理
* DNS服务管理
* Kickstart服务支持
* yum仓库管理
Cobbler客户端Koan支持虚拟机安装和操作系统重新安装功能.
一、cobbler安装准备
系统：CentOS6.5 64位
IP地址：192.168.132.128
1.关闭selinux
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/selinux/config #SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉 #SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉 SELINUX=disabled #增加 :wq! #保存退出 [root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效 [root@localhost ~]#sestatus #重启后查看
2.关闭iptables
[root@localhost ~]#chkconfig iptables off [root@localhost ~]#/etc/init.d/iptables stop
3.下载epel源的rpm安装包并安装cobbler软件
[root@localhost ~]#wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@localhost ~]#rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@localhost ~]#yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart fence-agents cman [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]#
4.检查配置执行:
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module>
sys.exit(app.main())
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 657, in main
rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 270, in run
self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1199, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1489, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1253, in request
return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1392, in _parse_response
return u.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 838, in close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">
报错了
经过网上查找这样解决如下：
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders task started: 2016-04-07_020452_get_loaders task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Thu Apr 7 02:04:52 2016) downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi *** TASK COMPLETE ***
再次检查配置:
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 5 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist 6 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 7 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 8 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart 9 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
根据cobbler check 检测所的信息，进行相应配置：
1.配置tftp-server与rsync 设置rsync和tftp服务开机启动.
编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server选项，修改为适当的ip地址，本实例配置ip为：192.168.132.128 sed -i 's@manage_dhcp: 0@manage_dhcp: 1@g' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's@next_server: 127.0.0.1@next_server: '192.168.132.128'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's@server: 127.0.0.1@server: '192.168.132.128'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
2.配置tftp-server与rsync.
sed -i 's/disable.*$/disable = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp sed -i 's/disable.*$/disable = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
3.提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略。
4.安装pykickstart.
[root@localhost ~]# yum install pykickstart -y
5.生成密码串(设置默认 root 用户的密码):
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'saneri' $1$random-p$3a6Zq0MlL6NuutFGzwxGJ. 然后将结果替换 /etc/cobbler/settings 文件中的 default_password_crypted:
根据提示基本配置完成了，OK再来执行检查.
[root@localhost cobbler]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : service dhcpd is not running 2 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist 3 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 4 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
配置dhcp服务
修改/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template，此文件是cobbler管理dhcp的模板和/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf文件，两个配置内容一样
cat > /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template <<EOF
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 192.168.132.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #设置网段
option routers 192.168.132.1; #设置网关
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.132.30 192.168.132.35; #动态IP范围
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4; #DNS地址
default-lease-time 43200; #缺省租约时间
max-lease-time 86400; #最大租约时间
log-facility local7; #
filename="pxelinux.0";
next-server $next-server; #指定引导服务器
}
EOF
重新启动相关服务
[root@localhost cobbler]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart Starting dhcpd: [ OK ] [root@localhost dhcp]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [root@localhost dhcp]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [ OK ] Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
同步配置模板
[root@localhost dhcp]# cobbler sync #同步配置模板 task started: 2016-04-07_052540_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Apr 7 05:25:40 2016) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying files for distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64/initrd.img copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure copying files for distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.5-x86_64/initrd.img Writing template files for CentOS6.5-x86_64 rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp processing boot_files for distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64 cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: Starting dhcpd: [ OK ] received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
挂载系统镜像并导入镜像：
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /mnt/ios/ [root@localhost ~]#mount -t iso9660 -o loop /dev/cdrom /mnt/ios/ [root@localhost ~]#cobbler import --path=/mnt/ios --name=CentOS6.5 --arch=x86_64 #命令格式：cobbler import --path=镜像路径 -- name=安装引导名 --arch=32位或64位
查看导入源库列表:
[root@localhost dhcp]# cobbler distro list CentOS6.5-x86_64 ################################################ 至此cobbler已经可以使用了################################################
Cobbler常用命令详解:
cobbler check #检查cobbler配置(主要用于检查cobbler配置是否有错.)
cobbler sync #同步配置到dhcp/pxe和数据目录(注，同步cobbler配置到数据目录中，更改某些配置后得执行一下，同步一下配置)
cobbler list #列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler import #导入安装的系统镜像
cobbler report #列出各元素的详细信息
cobbler distro #查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler profile #查看配置信息
cobbler system #查看添加的系统信息
cobbler reposync #同步yum仓库到本地
cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS6.5x86_64-x86_64 #移除profile cobbler distro remove --name=CentOS6.5x86_64-x86_64 #移除distro cobbler profile report --name CentOS6.5-x86_64 #查看profile设置 cobbler profile report --name CentOS6.5-x86_64 #查看安装镜像文件信息 cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64 --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-6.5-x86_64.ks #添加
.
.
