HAL+CubeIDE，STM32F407ZGT6正点原子探索者，舵机驱动，从零开始
CubeIDE_HAL库_从零开始玩舵机
1、材料准备
开发板：正点原子STM32F407ZGT6探索者
舵机：SG90
舵机线材分辨：褐色 / 红色 / 橘黄色 —— GND / VCC / PWM_信号
与开发板接线：褐色 / 红色 / 橘黄色 —— GND / +5V / PF6（任选取PF6亦可选其它GPIOx_Pin_x）
2、知识准备
2.1、舵机需要的信号频率为50HZ，对应周期是 0.02 ，所以 arr （自动重装载值）设置为 20000 -1 ，psc（预分频值） 设置为 168-1，原因是这么设置可刚好按如下方法算出频率是50HZ对应上舵机；
2.2、定时器工作频率 Ft = 168 MHz ，单位:Mhz，来源：此次任选采用PF6针脚，而PF6可重映射到TIM10_CH1，而TIM10挂载在APB2上，APB2上的定时器时钟频率是168HZ（前提是这块开发板的SYSCLK直接设置到最大频率168MHz）。还想看168的图解来源请直接打开CuceMX或CubeIDE在“时钟树配置栏目”看到。
【注意】下图中的时钟HSE频率“25 MHz”仅配合讲解使用，常用的数值为“8 MHz”。
2.3、计算方法
定时器溢出时间计算方法: Tout = ( (arr + 1) * (psc + 1) ) / Ft us.
周期 = （2 0000 * 168）/ （168 000 000） = 0.02 秒；
频率 = 1 / 周期 = 50 HZ ；
3、步骤（从零开始）
4、代码块
原始main.c
（做完 “3、步骤” 里面的所有操作后生成的 原始main.c 文件，注释是笔者自己添加的）
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/*
* 注释：
* 以此处为例，如果后续有自己添加的头文件包含，必须放在BEGIN与END中间才不会被再次点击生成代码而覆盖掉。
* 其他的诸如 #define XXX XXX 等、自定义的函数声明、Typedef、放main.c里的代码段 等一切自定义的，
都要放在对应的BEGIN与END中间，这点没有任何商量的余地。
*/
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim10;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void); //初始化，系统时钟配置（注释自己添加的）
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void); //GPIO配置
static void MX_TIM10_Init(void); //定时器10配置
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init(); /* 必须要有的HAL库初始化，但自动生成 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config(); /* 系统时钟配置 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init(); /* GPIO初始化 */
MX_TIM10_Init(); /* 定时器初始化 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief TIM10 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM10_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 0 */
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 1 */
htim10.Instance = TIM10;
htim10.Init.Prescaler = 168-1;
htim10.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim10.Init.Period = 20000-1;
htim10.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim10.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim10) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim10) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim10, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim10);
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
main.c（完整版）
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim10; /* 定时器句柄 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM10_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM10_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim10, TIM_CHANNEL_1); /* 必须有这个启动函数 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* 设置占空比，把1500往句柄对应定时器的通道1放 */
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim10, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 1500);
HAL_Delay(1000);
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim10, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 500);
HAL_Delay(1000);
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim10, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 1500);
HAL_Delay(1000);
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim10, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 2500);
HAL_Delay(1000);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief TIM10 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM10_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 0 */
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 1 */
htim10.Instance = TIM10;
htim10.Init.Prescaler = 168-1;
htim10.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim10.Init.Period = 20000-1;
htim10.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim10.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim10) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim10) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim10, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM10_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM10_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim10);
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
5、必看注意：
5.1、此块代码可以直接拿去用，也可以按照需求改 main.c 里 while(1) 里面的语句完成自定义控制。
5.2、正点原子STM32F407ZGT6探索者开发板的PF6其实和预留的耳机插孔处附近的“ATK MODULE”排针相关联，如果在此处插上“正点原子ATK-ESP-01”则直接占用“PF6”，导致舵机不转且不使能。
5.3、舵机使能但不转表现为手指难以掰动舵机指针且舵机指针不转。
5.4、如果想让“定时器”、“GPIO”有自己单独的 “.c 和 .h” 文件，按如下步骤做：
