Docker（一）Ubuntu 安装

1.检查服务器信息

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# uname -a
Linux ryj 4.4.0-186-generic #216-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 1 05:34:05 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64

2.卸载旧版本

　　Docker 的旧版本被称为 docker，docker.io 或 docker-engine 

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information...

3.设置仓库

　　首次安装 Docker Engine-Community 之前，需要设置 Docker 仓库。

       添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥:

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK

　　设置稳定版仓库

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

4.安装 Docker Engine-Community

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# apt-get update && apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Get:1 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages [16.4 kB]
Hit:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial InRelease
....

root@ryj:/home/wuh151# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.0
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.13.15
...

5.Docker 启停

　　启动安装成功后，是启动状态

systemctl status    docker   -- 查看
systemctl start     docker   -- 启动
systemctl stop      docker   -- 停止
systemctl enable    docker   -- 开机自启 

6.Docker 命令

　　Docker 1.13在逻辑上将命令分组为管理命令，现在使用docker image ls命令而不是docker images命令获取映像列表。 类似的docker container ls显示的是容器列表，而不是docker ls 。 这为命令带来了很多一致性

root@ryj-dev10:/home/wuh151# docker --help

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

 7.Docker目录说明

　　Docker默认的文件目录位于Linux server的/var/lib/docker 下面，其中各种软件的安装目录在/var/lib/docker/overlay2/{id}/diff/usr/share下,{id}需要查询容器详情得到。

　　根据容器ID查询容器详细信息

 root@ryj-dev10:/home/wuh151# docker inspect 93f0a52d2cea

......

　　"GraphDriver": {
　　　　"Data": {
　　　　　　"LowerDir": ......,
　　　　　　"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e5f4061a4e2231970978455faf3a9ccaa44a7dc9b8373f5b413accc2b60a266/merged",
　　　　　　"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e5f4061a4e2231970978455faf3a9ccaa44a7dc9b8373f5b413accc2b60a266/diff",
　　　　　　"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e5f4061a4e2231970978455faf3a9ccaa44a7dc9b8373f5b413accc2b60a266/work"
　　　　},
　　　　"Name": "overlay2"
　　}

......