vmware下给linux添加硬盘

http://blog.csdn.net/robbie1314520/archive/2010/08/10/5802724.aspx

创建虚拟硬盘

        1、关闭VM中正在运行的虚拟系统;

        2、EDIT Virtual Machine Settings;

        3、在Hardware页点“Add”-》Add a hard disk-》Create a new virtual disk-》SCSI(recommended)-》分配空间大小-》OK;

        4、可以看见Hardware中出现了一块新的硬盘Hard Disk 2。

对虚拟硬盘进行分区和格式化

        [root@cncmail data1]# fdisk -l ## 这里是查看目前系统上有几块硬盘

         Disk /dev/sda: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

        Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

         /dev/sda1    *          1        255    2048256    83   Linux

         /dev/sda2            256       1530   10241437+   83   Linux

         /dev/sda3           4296       4425    1044225    82   Linux swap

         /dev/sda4           1531       4295   22209862+    f   Win95 Ext'd (LBA)

         /dev/sda5           1531       2805   10241406    83   Linux

         /dev/sda6           2806       4295   11968393+   83   Linux

         Partition table entries are not in disk order

         Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes ## 这里发现/dev/sdb,容量36.7G,切未被分区

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

         Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

         [root@linux root]# fdisk /dev/sdb ## 接下去就对/dev/sdb分区进行分区

         The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4462.

         There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

         and could in certain setups cause problems with:

         1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

         2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

            (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

         Command (m for help): m

         Command action

            a    toggle a bootable flag

            b    edit bsd disklabel

            c    toggle the dos compatibility flag

            d    delete a partition

            l    list known partition types

            m    print this menu

            n    add a new partition

            o    create a new empty DOS partition table

            p    print the partition table

            q    quit without saving changes

            s    create a new empty Sun disklabel

            t    change a partition's system id

            u    change display/entry units

            v    verify the partition table

            w    write table to disk and exit

            x    extra functionality (experts only)

         Command (m for help): p      ## 打印出目前该硬盘下的分区列表

         Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

            Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

         Command (m for help): n      ## 增加一个分区

         Command action

            e    extended

            p    primary partition (1-4)

            ## 因为通常选择主分区,所以这里打一个p

         p

         Partition number (1-4): 1     ## 这里因为是第一个分却,所以只选择1,如果是第二个分区,则选择2,依次类推

         First cylinder (1-4462, default 1): ## 新分区起始的磁盘块数

         Using default value 1

     Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4462, default 4462): 如果要分区10G,这里可以直接输入:+10240M,因为这里要全部使用硬盘空间,则用默认

         Using default value 4462

         Command (m for help): p

         Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

            Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

         /dev/sdb1              1       4462   35840983+   83   Linux

## 这里第一个分区已经分好了,接下去得把这个分区写入硬盘,用w

         Command (m for help): w

         The partition table has been altered!

         Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

         Syncing disks.

         下面的工作就是对该硬盘进行格式,我这里是格式化成ext3

         [root@linux root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

         mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

         Filesystem label=

         OS type: Linux

         Block size=4096 (log=2)

         Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

         4480448 inodes, 8960245 blocks

         448012 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

         First data block=0

         274 block groups

         32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

         16352 inodes per group

         Superblock backups stored on blocks:

                 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

                 4096000, 7962624

         Writing inode tables: done                           

         Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

         Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

         This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or

         180 days, whichever comes first.   Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

         检查一下,是否已经格式好

         [root@linux root]# fdisk -l

         Disk /dev/sda: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

          Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

         /dev/sda1    *          1        255    2048256    83   Linux

         /dev/sda2            256       1530   10241437+   83   Linux

         /dev/sda3           4296       4425    1044225    82   Linux swap

         /dev/sda4           1531       4295   22209862+    f   Win95 Ext'd (LBA)

         /dev/sda5           1531       2805   10241406    83   Linux

         /dev/sda6           2806       4295   11968393+   83   Linux

         Partition table entries are not in disk order

         Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes

         255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders

         Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

         Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

         /dev/sdb1              1       4462   35840983+   83   Linux

挂载虚拟硬盘

        分区分好,也格式化好了,下面就是挂载

         把/dev/sdb1挂载到/data1下

         [root@linux root]# mkdir /data1   ## 首先建立挂载的目录data1

         [root@linux root]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 ##将sdb1挂载到data1 

         重启系统之后,查看是否挂载成功:

         [root@linux data1]# df -h

         文件系统               容量   已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

         /dev/sda1              2.0G   454M   1.4G   25% /

         /dev/sda6               12G    53M    11G    1% /bak

         /dev/sdb1               34G    33M    32G    1% /data1

         none                   250M      0   250M    0% /dev/shm

         /dev/sda2              9.7G   1.5G   7.7G   17% /usr

         /dev/sda5              9.7G   8.6G   559M   95% /var

         这里看到/dev/sda6               12G    53M    11G    1% /bak

         说明已经挂载成功了。到根目录“/”下可以查看到这个挂载好的data1。

写入配置文件:vi /etc/fstab  加入以下内容,以便系统重启后能自动挂载sdb1

物理分区名/卷标       挂载点        文件系统         缺省设置      是否检测   检测顺序

/dev/sdb1             /data1        ext3              defaults       0                 0 

转移数据

        其实一直做到这里都还只是准备工作,如果根分区下的数据不转移到这个虚拟硬盘中的话,还是会提示空间不足。下面是将/usr全部转移到虚拟硬盘中的过程(参考Linux人生的《Linux系统精华之一——挂载》),同样也可以转移其他目录:

        1、将/usr中的全部数据拷贝到data1(可以用mv一个一个拷贝,也可以用tar压缩之后一次拷贝,具体参见这两个命令的man)

        2、清空usr目录:

              # rm -r /usr

              # mkdir /usr

        3、卸载刚才挂上的虚拟硬盘,重新将它挂载到usr目录:

              # umount /dev/sdb1 /data1

              # mount /dev/sdb1 /usr

        4、# vi /etc/fstab ## 用vi修改/etc/fstab,使系统启动就可以自动挂载

         (点击“i”进入插入模式对文本内容进行修改,改好后点“Esc”,输入冒号“:”进入命令行模式,输入wq保存退出,具体操作可以参考vi常用指令)

        在内容中加上一行:

         /dev/sdb1                /usr                     ext3     defaults         1 2

        5、Ok,重新启动之后,可以查看现在的硬盘使用情况了:

              # df -h

              文件系统               容量   已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

             /dev/sda2              3.6G   1.3G   2.4G   35% /

                 udev                   125M   124K   125M    1% /dev

             /dev/sdb1              4.0G   2.3G   1.6G   60% /usr

              根分区的“已用%”从99%降到了35%,哈哈,大功告成,可以继续做其他的事情了。

 

posted on 2015-08-18 17:36  遠離塵世の方舟  阅读(542)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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