python-栈\队列

一、栈  (后进先出)

栈(stack),有些地方称为堆栈,是一种容器,可存入数据元素、访问元素、删除元素,它的特点在于只能允许在容器的一端(称为栈顶端指标,英语:top)进行加入数据(英语:push)和输出数据(英语:pop)的运算。没有了位置概念,保证任何时候可以访问、删除的元素都是此前最后存入的那个元素,确定了一种默认的访问顺序。

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.data)


class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self._head = None

    # 压栈
    def push(self, item):
        node = Node(item)
        node.next = self._head
        self._head = node
        return node.data

    # 弹栈
    def pop(self):
        if self._head == None:
            return None
        else:
            data = self._head.data
            self._head = self._head.next
            return data

    # peek 取出栈顶元素
    def peek(self):
        if self._head != None:
            return self._head.data
        else:
            raise ValueError('stack is empty')

    def print_all(self):
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            print(cur)
            cur = cur.next


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = Stack()
    s.push(6)
    s.push(1)
    s.push(8)
    s.push(10)

    s.print_all()

    print('--------pop-------------')
    s.pop()
    s.print_all()
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二、队列

队列(queue)是只允许在一端进行插入操作,而在另一端进行删除操作的线性表。

队列是一种先进先出的(First In First Out)的线性表,简称FIFO。允许插入的一端为队尾,允许删除的一端为队头。队列不允许在中间部位进行操作!

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.data)


class Queue:
    def __init__(self, maxsize=-1):
        self.maxsize = maxsize
        self._head = None
        self._tail = None

    # 入队
    def enter(self, data):  # put
        size = self.qsize()
        if self.maxsize != -1 and self.maxsize > size or self.maxsize == -1:
            node = Node(data)
            if self._head == None and self._tail == None:
                self._head = node
                self._tail = node
            else:
                self._tail.next = node
                self._tail = node
        else:
            raise Exception('queue full ')

    # 出队
    def exit(self):  # get()
        if self._head == None and self._tail == None:
            # return None
            raise ValueError('queue is empty')
        data = self._head.data
        if self._head == self._tail:
            self._head = None
            self._tail = None
        else:
            self._head = self._head.next
        return data

    def print_all(self):
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            print(cur)
            cur = cur.next

    def qsize(self):
        count = 0
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next

        return count

    def full(self):
        pass

    def empty(self):
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue(4)

    q.enter(6)
    q.enter(4)
    q.enter(2)

    q.print_all()

    print('---------取出-------------')
    q.exit()
    q.print_all()

    print('-----------大小-------')
    q.enter(7)
    q.enter(1)
    # q.enter(9)
    print(q.qsize())
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 双端队列:是一种具有队列和栈的性质的数据结构。

双端队列中的元素可以从两端弹出,其限定插入和删除操作在表的两端进行。双端队列可以在队列任意一端入队和出队。

from collections import deque

class Deque:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []

    def isEmpty(self):
        return self.items == []

    def add_front(self, item):
        # 从头部添加
        self.items.insert(0, item)

    def add_rear(self, item):
        self.items.append(item)

    def remove_front(self):
        return self.items.pop(0)

    def remove_rear(self):
        return self.items.pop()

    def size(self):
        return len(self.items)

    def print_all(self):
        for item in self.items:
            print(item)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dq = Deque()
    dq.add_front(8)
    dq.add_front(9)
    dq.add_front(0)

    dq.print_all()

    dq.add_rear(6)
    dq.print_all()

    print('-----------remove---------')
    dq.remove_front()

    dq.print_all()
View Code

 

三、排序算法

 

posted @ 2019-08-20 16:21  刚--  阅读(155)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报