Java 网络编程
1. 网络编程三要素
A. IP地址:在网络上唯一标识一台计算机;
B. 端口号:标识计算机上不同的应用程序,有效端口0-65535;
C. 通讯协议:TCP和UDP。
2. 核心类
A. InetAddress:互联网协议IP地址
public static void main(String[] args) { try { // 根据主机名或域名获取其IP地址 InetAddress[] inetAddresses = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.hao123.com"); for (InetAddress inetAddress : inetAddresses) { System.out.println("主机名:" + inetAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println("IP地址:" + inetAddress.getHostAddress()); } InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("www.hao123.com"); System.out.println("主机名:" + inetAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println("IP地址:" + inetAddress.getHostAddress()); // 获取本地主机 InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println("主机名:" + localHost.getHostName()); System.out.println("IP地址:" + localHost.getHostAddress()); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
B. URL:统一资源定位符
public static void main(String[] args) { try { URL url = new URL("https://www.hao123.com/index.html"); System.out.println("协议:" + url.getProtocol()); System.out.println("主机名:" + url.getHost()); System.out.println("端口号:" + url.getPort()); System.out.println("资源路径:" + url.getPath()); // 打开一个请求连接 // url.openConnection(); // 打开URL的连接并返回一个用于从该连接读入的InputStream // url.openStream(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
C. SocketAddress
D. Socket
可参考:网络编程