Miniconda安装 虚拟环境创建 与包管理
安装python
之前安装python包，导致了python里面的包不兼容，用管理工具卸载也下载不掉，重新安装也安装不上，没有办法只能卸掉python重装。
安装Anaconda
Anaconda指的是一个开源的Python发行版本，其包含了conda、Python等180多个科学包及其依赖项。conda也是一个非常好用的管理工具，只不过1500多个包自己用不了多少，我就选只Minicoda,是Anaconda的精简版本，只含有python和conda管理包。
我选择了Miniconda3-4.4.10-Windows-x86_64 版本，这个版本用的是python36,这个版本之后就是python37
添加环境变量
把完整的安装目录中补全，然后把下面几个文件夹添加到环境变量
D:\Miniconda3
D:\Miniconda3\Scripts
D:\Miniconda3\Library\bin
配置conda
升级conda
conda update conda
换源
# 清华的镜像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
# 中国科技大学源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/
# 阿里云的服务器
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
# 豆瓣网站是用python做的呀 豆瓣的python的源
conda config --add channels http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
# 设置搜索时显示通道地址
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
# 当安装包时，总会被询问是否`Proceed ([y]/n)?` ，默认为False，设置为`always_yes: True`将不会再做提醒
conda config --set always_yes True
虚拟环境创建
命令
usage: conda create [-h] [--shortcuts] [--no-shortcuts] [-y] [--dry-run] [-f]
[--file FILE] [--no-deps] [--only-deps] [-m] [-C]
[--use-local] [--offline] [--no-pin] [-c CHANNEL]
[--override-channels] [-n ENVIRONMENT | -p PATH] [-q]
[--copy] [-k] [--update-dependencies]
[--no-update-dependencies] [--channel-priority]
[--no-channel-priority] [--clobber] [--show-channel-urls]
[--no-show-channel-urls] [--download-only] [--json]
[--debug] [--verbose] [--clone ENV]
[--no-default-packages]
[package_spec [package_spec ...]]
Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages. To use the created environment, use 'source activate envname' look in that directory first. This command requires either the -n NAME or -p PREFIX option.
Options:
positional arguments:
package_spec Packages to install or update in the conda
environment.
optional arguments:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
--shortcuts Install start menu shortcuts
--no-shortcuts Don't install start menu shortcuts
-y, --yes Do not ask for confirmation.
--dry-run Only display what would have been done.
-f, --force Force install (even when package already installed).
--file FILE Read package versions from the given file. Repeated
file specifications can be passed (e.g. --file=file1
--file=file2).
--no-deps Do not install, update, remove, or change
dependencies. This WILL lead to broken environments
and inconsistent behavior. Use at your own risk.
--only-deps Only install dependencies.
-m, --mkdir Create the environment directory if necessary.
-C, --use-index-cache
Use cache of channel index files, even if it has
expired.
--use-local Use locally built packages.
--offline Offline mode, don't connect to the Internet.
--no-pin Ignore pinned file.
-c CHANNEL, --channel # 换源 国内用清华或者是豆瓣的
default channel_alias is http://conda.anaconda.org/.
--override-channels Do not search default or .condarc channels. Requires
--channel.
-n ENVIRONMENT, --name ENVIRONMENT # 虚拟环境的名字
-p PATH, --prefix PATH
Full path to environment prefix.
-q, --quiet Do not display progress bar. # 静默安装
--copy Install all packages using copies instead of hard- or
soft-linking.
-k, --insecure Allow conda to perform "insecure" SSL connections and
transfers. Equivalent to setting 'ssl_verify' to
'false'.
--update-dependencies, --update-deps
Update dependencies. Overrides the value given by
`conda config --show update_deps`.
--no-update-dependencies, --no-update-deps
Don't update dependencies. Overrides the value given
by `conda config --show update_deps`.
--channel-priority, --channel-pri, --chan-pri
Channel priority takes precedence over package
version. Overrides the value given by `conda config
--show channel_priority`.
--no-channel-priority, --no-channel-pri, --no-chan-pri
Package version takes precedence over channel
priority. Overrides the value given by `conda config
--show channel_priority`.
--clobber Allow clobbering of overlapping file paths within
packages, and suppress related warnings.
--show-channel-urls Show channel urls. Overrides the value given by `conda
config --show show_channel_urls`.
--no-show-channel-urls
Don't show channel urls. Overrides the value given by
`conda config --show show_channel_urls`.
--download-only Solve an environment and ensure package caches are
populated, but exit prior to unlinking and linking
packages into the prefix.
--json Report all output as json. Suitable for using conda
programmatically.
--debug Show debug output.
--verbose, -v Use once for info, twice for debug, three times for
trace.
--clone ENV Path to (or name of) existing local environment.
--no-default-packages
Ignore create_default_packages in the .condarc file.
虚拟环境
查看虚拟环境
conda info --envs/e
创建
# 创建一个名叫py2，使用python2.7解释器的虚拟环境 -n是虚拟环境名字，python = 2.7是指定特定版本
conda create -n py2 python=2.7
# 激活Py2虚拟环境
activate py2
#退出
deactivate
quit
包管理
conda和pip区别
conda作为包管理工具和pip类似，但是还有区别：
-
某些包不能通过conda安装，只能通过pip安装
-
anaconda python conda都被conda视为package,和普通安装包管理方式相同
普通包管理
# 查看当前激活环境中的已安装包，如果希望查询指定环境中已安装包，则在command命令后加上-n 环境名，其他命令类似
conda list (-n python34)
# 查找package信息
conda search (-n python34) numpy
# 查看某安装包是否已安装
conda list | grep 包名（支持正则）
# 安装package，如果不用-n指定环境名称，则被安装在当前活跃环境，也可以通过-c指定通过某个channel安装
conda install (-n python34) numpy
# 更新package
conda update (-n python34) numpy
# 删除package
conda remove (-n python34) numpy
# 新创建的环境只会包含较少的必须项如pip、python，若希望新环境和默认环境那样安装完整anaconda集合包
conda install anaconda
特殊包管理
我下载是是minoconda 所以只用更新conda就可以了
# 更新conda，保持conda最新
conda update conda
# 更新anaconda集合包
conda update anaconda
# 更新python，假设当前环境是python 3.4, conda会将python升级为3.4.x系列的当前最新版本
conda update python
# 更新anaconda-navigator
conda update anaconda-navigator
pip命令
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring
environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be
used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be
used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING,
ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form
[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should
attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists:
(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does
not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file
containing the private key and the certificate
in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine
whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output
