实验3 类与数组、指针

实验任务1

Point.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 class Point {
 8 public:
 9     Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
10     ~Point() = default;
11 
12     int get_x() const;
13     int get_y() const;
14     void show() const;
15     void move(int new_x, int new_y);
16 
17 private:
18     int x, y;
19 };
20 
21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {   
22 }
23 
24 int Point::get_x() const {
25     return x;
26 }
27 
28 int Point::get_y() const {
29     return y;
30 }
31 
32 void Point::show() const {
33     cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
34 }
35 
36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
37     x = new_x;
38     y = new_y;
39 }
View Code

task1.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "point.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 
 5 using std::vector;
 6 using std::cin;
 7 
 8 // 输出vector<Point>对象内所有点的坐标
 9 void output(const vector<Point> &v) {
10     for(auto &t: v)
11         t.show();
12 }
13 
14 void test() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "输入动态Point数组类对象中元素个数: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vector<Point> x(n);
20     cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
21     output(x); 
22 
23     vector<Point> y(x);          // 基于vector<Point>对象x构建对象y
24     cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
25     output(y);
26     
27     cout << "\n更新x对象......" << endl;
28     x.at(0).move(30, 50);       // 更新对象x内索引为0的点对象坐标
29     x.push_back(Point(2, 2));   // 向x对象末尾添加一个点对象
30 
31     cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
32     output(x);          
33     cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 
34     output(y);           
35 }
36 
37 int main() {
38     test();
39 }
View Code

运行测试结果

问题1:不发生变化

问题2:深复制

实验任务2

Point.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 class Point {
 8 public:
 9     Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
10     ~Point() = default;
11 
12     int get_x() const;
13     int get_y() const;
14     void show() const;
15     void move(int new_x, int new_y);
16 
17 private:
18     int x, y;
19 };
20 
21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {   
22 }
23 
24 int Point::get_x() const {
25     return x;
26 }
27 
28 int Point::get_y() const {
29     return y;
30 }
31 
32 void Point::show() const {
33     cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
34 }
35 
36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
37     x = new_x;
38     y = new_y;
39 }
View Code

vectorPoint.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include "point.hpp"
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 
 7 class vectorPoint{
 8 public:
 9     vectorPoint(int n);
10     ~vectorPoint();
11     
12     int get_size() const;           // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
13     Point& at(int index);           // 返回下标为index的元素引用
14     Point& at(int index) const;     // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
15 
16 private:
17     int size; // 动态数组的大小
18     Point *ptr;
19 };
20 
21 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
22     ptr = new Point[n];
23 }
24 
25 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
26     delete[] ptr;
27 }
28 
29 int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
30     return size;
31 }
32 
33 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
34     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止
35     return ptr[index];
36 }
37 
38 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
39     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  
40     return ptr[index];
41 }
View Code

task2.cpp

 1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
 5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
 6     for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
 7         v.at(i).show();
 8 }
 9 
10 // 测试vectorPoint类:构造对象、复制构造对象
11 void test() {
12     using namespace std;
13 
14     int n;
15     cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
16     cin >> n;
17 
18     vectorPoint x(n);
19     cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
20     output(x); 
21 
22     vectorPoint y(x);
23     cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
24     output(y); 
25 
26     cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
27     x.at(0).move(30, 50);
28     x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
29 
30     cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
31     output(x); 
32 
33     cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
34     output(y); 
35 }
36 
37 int main() {
38     test();
39 }
View Code

运行测试结果

vectorPoint.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include "point.hpp"
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 
 7 class vectorPoint{
 8 public:
 9     vectorPoint(int n);
10     vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp);
11     ~vectorPoint();
12     
13     int get_size() const;           // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
14     Point& at(int index);           // 返回下标为index的元素引用
15     Point& at(int index) const;     // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
16 
17 private:
18     int size; // 动态数组的大小
19     Point *ptr;
20 };
21 
22 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
23     ptr = new Point[n];
24 }
25 
26 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{vp.ptr} {
27 }
28 
29 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
30     delete[] ptr;
31 }
32 
33 int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
34     return size;
35 }
36 
37 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
38     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止
39     return ptr[index];
40 }
41 
42 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
43     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  
44     return ptr[index];
45 }
View Code

运行测试结果

问题1:发生变化

问题2:浅复制

问题3:浅复制

实验任务3

Point.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 class Point {
 8 public:
 9     Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
10     ~Point() = default;
11 
12     int get_x() const;
13     int get_y() const;
14     void show() const;
15     void move(int new_x, int new_y);
16 
17 private:
18     int x, y;
19 };
20 
21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {   
22 }
23 
24 int Point::get_x() const {
25     return x;
26 }
27 
28 int Point::get_y() const {
29     return y;
30 }
31 
32 void Point::show() const {
33     cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
34 }
35 
36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
37     x = new_x;
38     y = new_y;
39 }
View Code

vectorPoint.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include "point.hpp"
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 
 7 class vectorPoint{
 8 public:
 9     vectorPoint(int n);
10     vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp);
11     ~vectorPoint();
12     
13     int get_size() const;           // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
14     Point& at(int index);           // 返回下标为index的元素引用
15     Point& at(int index) const;     // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
16 
17 private:
18     int size; // 动态数组的大小
19     Point *ptr;
20 };
21 
22 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
23     ptr = new Point[n];
24 }
25 
26 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{new Point[size]} {
27     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
28         ptr[i] = vp.ptr[i];
29 }
30 
31 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
32     delete[] ptr;
33 }
34 
35 int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
36     return size;
37 }
38 
39 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
40     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止
41     return ptr[index];
42 }
43 
44 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
45     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);  
46     return ptr[index];
47 }
View Code

task3.cpp 

 1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
 5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
 6     for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
 7         v.at(i).show();
 8 }
 9 
10 // 测试vectorPoint类:构造对象、复制构造对象
11 void test() {
12     using namespace std;
13 
14     int n;
15     cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
16     cin >> n;
17 
18     vectorPoint x(n);
19     cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
20     output(x); 
21 
22     vectorPoint y(x);
23     cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
24     output(y); 
25 
26     cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
27     x.at(0).move(30, 50);
28     x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
29 
30     cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
31     output(x); 
32 
33     cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
34     output(y); 
35 }
36 
37 int main() {
38     test();
39 }
View Code

运行测试结果

问题1:发生变化

问题2:浅复制

问题3:同一类型的对象之间可以赋值,使得两个对象的成员变量的值相同,两个对象仍然是独立的两个对象,这种情况被称为浅复制。一般情况下,浅复制没有任何副作用,但是当类中有指针,并且指针指向动态分配的内存空间,析构函数做了动态内存释放的处理,会导致内存问题。当类中有指针,并且此指针有动态分配空间,析构函数做了释放处理,往往需要自定义复制构造函数,自行给指针动态分配空间,深复制。

实验任务4

task4_1.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 using namespace std;
 3 
 4 // 函数声明
 5 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry);    // 引用作为形参
 6 void swap2(int *px, int *py);    // 指针作为形参
 7 void print(int x, int y);        // 普通变量作为形参
 8 
 9 // 测试代码
10 void test() {
11     int x = 3, y = 4;
12 
13     print(x, y);
14     swap1(x, y);        // 函数调用,注意:引用作为形参时,实参形式
15     print(x, y);
16 
17     cout << endl;
18 
19     x = 3, y = 4;
20     print(x, y);
21     swap2(&x, &y);        // 函数调用,注意:指针作为形参时,实参形式
22     print(x, y);
23 }
24 
25 int main() {
26     test();
27 }
28 
29 // 函数定义:交换两个变量(引用变量作为形参)
30 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry) {
31     int t;
32 
33     t = rx;  rx = ry;  ry = t;
34 }
35 
36 // 函数定义:交换两个变量(指针变量作为形参)
37 void swap2(int *px, int *py) {
38     int t;
39 
40     t = *px;  *px = *py;  *py = t;
41 }
42 
43 // 函数定义:输出两个变量(普通变量作为形参)
44 void print(int x, int y) {
45     std::cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << "\n";
46 }
View Code

运行测试结果

 task4_2.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <typeinfo>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main() {
 6     int a;
 7     
 8     int &ra = a;
 9     ra = 4;
10 
11     int *pa = &a;
12     *pa = 5;
13 
14     // 以十六进制形式输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra,指针变量pa的地址
15     cout << "&a = " << hex << &a << endl;
16     cout << "&ra = " << hex << &ra << endl;
17     cout << "&pa = " << hex << &pa << "\n\n";
18     
19     // 输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra,指针变量pa的值
20     cout << "a = " << a << endl;
21     cout << "ra = " << a << endl;
22     cout << "pa = " << hex << pa << endl;
23     
24     // 输出指针变量pa指向的变量的值
25     cout << "*pa = " << *pa << "\n\n";
26 
27     // 输出普通变量a,引用变量ra, 指针变量pa的类型信息
28     cout << "type a: " << typeid(a).name() << endl;
29     cout << "type ra: " << typeid(ra).name() << endl;
30     cout << "type pa: " << typeid(pa).name() << endl;
31 }
View Code

运行测试结果

 task4_3.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 template<typename T>
 7 void output(const T &x) {
 8     for(auto i: x)  
 9         std::cout << i << ", ";
10     std::cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 template<typename T>
14 void square1(T &x) {
15     for(auto i: x)      // i是普通类型
16         i *= i;
17 }
18 
19 template<typename T>
20 void square2(T &x) {
21     for(auto &i: x)  // i是引用类型
22         i *= i;
23 }
24 
25 void test1() {
26     vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
27 
28     cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
29     output(x);
30 
31     cout << "调用函数square1()......" << endl;
32     square1(x);
33 
34     cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
35     output(x);
36 }
37 
38 void test2() {
39     vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
40 
41     cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
42     output(x);
43 
44     cout << "调用函数square2()......" << endl;
45     square2(x);
46 
47     cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
48     output(x);
49 }
50 
51 int main() {
52     cout << "测试1: " << endl;
53     test1();
54 
55     cout << "\n测试2: " << endl;
56     test2();
57 }
View Code

运行测试结果

总结:指针参数传递本质上是值传递 ,它所传递的是⼀个地址值。值传递过程中,被调函数的形式参数作为被调函数的局部变量处理,会在栈中开辟内存空间以存放由主调函数传递进来的实参值,从⽽形成了实参的⼀个 副本(替身) 。引⽤参数传递过程中,被调函数的形式参数也作为局部变量在栈中开辟了内存空间,但是这时存放的是由主调函数 放进来的实参变量的地址 。被调函数对 形参(本体) 的任何操作都被处理成间接寻址,即通过栈中存放的地址访问。主调函数中的实参变量(根据别名找到主调函数中的本体)。因此,被调函数对形参的任何操作都会影响主调函数 中的实参变量。

 实验任务5

vectorInt.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 class vectorInt{
 9 public:
10     vectorInt(int n);
11     vectorInt(int n, int value);
12     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
13     ~vectorInt();
14     
15     int get_size() const;           
16     int& at(int index);         
17     int& at(int index) const;     
18 
19 private:
20     int size;
21     int *ptr;
22 }; 
23 
24 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n} {
25     ptr = new int[n];
26     cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n) called." << endl;
27 }
28 
29 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n} {
30     ptr = new int[n];
31     for(auto i = 0; i < size ; ++i)
32         ptr[i] = value;    
33     cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n, int value) called." << endl;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]}  {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size ; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39     cout << "copy constructor called." << endl;
40 }
41 
42 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
43     delete[] ptr;
44     cout << "destructor called." << endl;
45 }
46 
47 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
48     return size;
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53     return ptr[index];
54 }
55 
56 int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
57     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
58     return ptr[index];
59 }
View Code

task5.cpp

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::endl;
 7 
 8 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 9     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
10         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
11     cout << "\b\b \n";
12 }
13 
14 void test() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "输入vectorInt对象中元素个数: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);    // 构造动态int数组对象x1,包含n个元素,不对元素初始化
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "vectorInt对象x1: ";
23     output(x1);
24 
25     vectorInt x2(n, 42); // 构造动态int数组对象x1,包含n个元素,每个元素初始值为42
26     cout << "vectorInt对象x2: ";
27     output(x2);
28     vectorInt x3(x2);    // 使用x2构造x3
29     cout << "vectorInt对象x3: ";
30     output(x3);
31 
32     cout << "更新vectorInt对象x2......\n";
33     x2.at(0) = 77;
34     x2.at(1) = -999;
35 
36     cout << "vectorInt对象x2: ";
37     output(x2);
38     cout << "vectorInt对象x3: ";
39     output(x3);
40 }
41 
42 int main() {
43     test();
44 }
View Code

运行测试结果

 实验任务6

matrix.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);       // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵
13     Matrix(int n);              // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);    // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void set(int i, int j, double value);   // 设置矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素值为value
19     
20     double& at(int i, int j) const;         // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void print() const;                     // 按行打印输出矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 // xxx
36 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m): lines{n}, cols{m} {
37     ptr = new double[n*m];
38 }
39 
40 Matrix::Matrix(int n): lines{n}, cols{n} {
41     ptr = new double[n*n];
42 }
43 
44 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x): lines{x.lines}, cols{x.cols} {
45     ptr = new double[lines*cols];
46     for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++)
47         for(auto j = 0; j < cols; j++)
48             ptr[i*cols+j] = x.ptr[i*cols+j];
49 }
50 
51 Matrix::~Matrix(){
52     delete[] ptr;
53 }
54 
55 void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) {
56     for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++)
57         for(auto j = 0; j < cols; j++)
58             ptr[i*cols+j] = pvalue[i*cols+j];    
59 }
60 
61 void Matrix::set(int i, int j, double value) {
62     ptr[i*cols+j] = value;
63 }
64 
65 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const {
66     return ptr[i*cols+j];
67 }
68 
69 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) {
70     return ptr[i*cols+j];
71 }
72 
73 int Matrix::get_lines() const {
74     return lines;
75 }
76 
77 int Matrix::get_cols() const {
78     return cols;
79 }
80 
81 void Matrix::print() const {
82     for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++)
83     {
84         for(auto j = 0; j <cols; j++)
85         {
86             cout << ptr[i*cols+j] << "  ";
87         }
88     cout << endl;
89     }
90 }
View Code

task6.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "matrix.hpp"
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 const int N1 = 3;
 7 const int N2 = 2;
 8 
 9 // 输出一个矩阵对象中索引为index对应的行的所有元素值
10 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
11     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
12         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
13     cout << "\b\b \n";
14 }
15 
16 void test() {
17 
18 
19     double x[N1*N2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
20 
21     Matrix m1(N1, N2);      // 创建一个N1×N2矩阵
22     m1.set(x);              // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
23     cout << "矩阵对象m1: " << endl;
24     m1.print();             // 打印矩阵m1的值
25     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行是: " << endl;
26     output(m1, 0);
27     cout << endl;
28 
29     Matrix m2(N2, N1);
30     m2.set(x);
31     cout << "矩阵对象m2: " << endl;
32     m2.print();         
33     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行是: " << endl;
34     output(m2, 0);
35     cout << endl;
36 
37     Matrix m3(m2);      // 用矩阵m2构造新的矩阵m3
38     m3.set(0, 0, 999);  // 讲矩阵对象m2索引(0,0)元素设为999
39     cout << "矩阵对象m3:" << endl;
40     m3.print();
41     cout << endl;
42 
43     Matrix m4(2);       // 创建一个2*2矩阵对象
44     m4.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
45     cout << "矩阵对象m4:" << endl;
46     m4.print();
47 }
48 
49 int main() {
50     test();
51 }
View Code

运行测试结果

 

posted @ 2023-11-04 11:33  rssn  阅读(22)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报