[转载]Android Camera系列开发 (三): 通过CameraAPI拍照
链接:http://blog.csdn.net/gobitan/article/details/10135019
概述
使用Camera有两种方式:通过Intent使用已有的app和通过Camera构建自己的app。在开发系列(一) 中已经介绍了通过Intent方式,本文介绍通过CameraAPI的方式拍照。
关键类解析
通过CameraAPI方式拍照需要引入几个关键的类:
Camera类:最主要的类,用于管理Camera设备,本文中主要用到以下方法:
- open():通过open方法获取Camera实例。
- setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder):设置预览拍照
- startPreview():开始预览
- stopPreview():停止预览
- release():释放Camera实例
- takePicture(Camera.ShutterCallback shutter, Camera.PictureCallback raw, Camera.PictureCallback jpeg):这个是拍照要执行的方法,包含了三个回调参数。Shutter是快门按下时的回调,raw是获取拍照原始数据的回调,jpeg是获取经过压缩 成jpg格式的图像数据。在本文中需要实现最后一个回调,参见下面。
Camera.PictureCallback接口:该回调接口包含了一个onPictureTaken(byte[]data, Camera camera)方法。在这个方法中可以保存图像数据。
SurfaceView类:用于控制预览界面
SurfaceHolder.Callback接口:用于处理预览的事件,需实现如下三个方法:
surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolderholder):预览界面创建时调用,每次界面改变后都会重新创建,需要获取相机资源并设置SurfaceHolder。
surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolderholder, int format, int width, int height):预览界面发生变化时调用,每次界面发生变化之后需要重新启动预览。
surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolderholder):预览销毁时调用,停止预览,释放相应资源。
通过Camera方式来实现拍照
通过Camera方式 会比通过Intent方式获得更为丰富的功能。通常创建一个定制化的Camera需要如下步骤:
(1) 通过Camera.open()来获取Camera实例。
(2) 创建Preview类,需要继承SurfaceView类并实现SurfaceHolder.Callback接口。
(3) 为相机设置Preview
(4) 构建一个Preview的Layout来 预览相机;
(5) 为拍照建立Listener以获取拍照后的回调;
(6) 拍照并保存文件;
(7) 释放Camera。
具体步骤
第一步:在Eclipse中创建一个名为AndroidCamera的Android工程,可参见Helloworld的例子;
第二步:在AndroidManifest.xml中添加使用Camera相关的声明如下:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
第三步:编写AndroidCameraActivity类,类的源代码如下:
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.hardware.Camera;
- import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.FrameLayout;
- public class AndroidCameraActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener, PictureCallback {
- private CameraSurfacePreview mCameraSurPreview = null;
- private Button mCaptureButton = null;
- private String TAG = "Dennis";
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- // Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
- FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
- mCameraSurPreview = new CameraSurfacePreview(this);
- preview.addView(mCameraSurPreview);
- // Add a listener to the Capture button
- mCaptureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);
- mCaptureButton.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
- //save the picture to sdcard
- File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile();
- if (pictureFile == null){
- Log.d(TAG, "Error creating media file, check storage permissions: ");
- return;
- }
- try {
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);
- fos.write(data);
- fos.close();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
- }
- // Restart the preview and re-enable the shutter button so that we can take another picture
- camera.startPreview();
- //See if need to enable or not
- mCaptureButton.setEnabled(true);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- mCaptureButton.setEnabled(false);
- // get an image from the camera
- mCameraSurPreview.takePicture(this);
- }
- private File getOutputMediaFile(){
- //get the mobile Pictures directory
- File picDir = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
- //get the current time
- String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
- return new File(picDir.getPath() + File.separator + "IMAGE_"+ timeStamp + ".jpg");
- }
- }
第四步:新增CameraSurfacePreview类,源代码如下:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.hardware.Camera;
- import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
- import android.view.SurfaceView;
- public class CameraSurfacePreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
- private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
- private Camera mCamera;
- public CameraSurfacePreview(Context context) {
- super(context);
- // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
- // underlying surface is created and destroyed.
- mHolder = getHolder();
- mHolder.addCallback(this);
- // deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
- mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
- }
- public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceCreated() is called");
- try {
- // Open the Camera in preview mode
- mCamera = Camera.open();
- mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.d("Dennis", "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
- Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceChanged() is called");
- try {
- mCamera.startPreview();
- } catch (Exception e){
- Log.d("Dennis", "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- if (mCamera != null) {
- mCamera.stopPreview();
- mCamera.release();
- mCamera = null;
- }
- Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceDestroyed() is called");
- }
- public void takePicture(PictureCallback imageCallback) {
- mCamera.takePicture(null, null, imageCallback);
- }
- }
第五步:替换Layout文件,内容如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="horizontal"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <FrameLayout
- android:id="@+id/camera_preview"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/button_capture"
- android:text="Capture"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_gravity="center"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
第六步:为AndroidManifest.xml中的acitvity增加如下属性:
android:screenOrientation="landscape"
第七步:运行程序。
拍完照之后,可以在SD卡中的Pictures目录下找到保存的照片。
源代码工程下载地址:https://github.com/dennishucd/DennisTech/blob/master/archives/AndroidCamera_20130821.zip
参考资料
1. http://developer.android.com/training/camera/videobasics.html
2. http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/camera.html
3. http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/Camera.html