2023-07-03 14:27阅读: 63评论: 0推荐: 0

使用kubeadm创建kubernetes集群

说明

环境准备，根据自己情况而定

节点名	IP地址	CPU	内存	硬盘	操作系统	Docker版本
k8s-master	172.31.2.214	8核	16G	128G	Centos7_2209	24.0.2
k8s-node01	172.31.2.215	8核	16G	128G	Centos7_2209	24.0.2
k8s-node02	172.31.2.216	8核	16G	128G	Centos7_2209	24.0.2

一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令
每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
2 CPU 核或更多
集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
- 设置防火墙放行规则
节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
- 设置不同hostname
开启机器上的某些端口。
- 内网互信
禁用交换分区。为了保证kubelet正常工作，你必须禁用交换分区。
- 永久关闭

一、安装kubeadm

🧯 环境配置

在所有机器中执行

 # 各个机器设置自己的主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02
# 添加hosts文件,根据自己情况修改
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.31.2.214 master
172.31.2.215 node01
172.31.2.216 node02
EOF
# SELinux 设置禁用
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
 
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

🧯 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

所有机器中执行

 # 添加kebernetes源
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF
 
#安装所需主键，并让kubelet开机自启
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

二、使用kubeadm引导集群

🔧 下载各个机器需要的镜像

所有机器中执行

 sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
    docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
   
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

🔧 初始化主节点

在master节点执行

 #主节点初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.2.214 \
--control-plane-endpoint=master \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
# --apiserver-advertise-address修改为master所在的地址
# --control-plane-endpoin修改为master主机名，前提要在hosts文件中有记录
# 其余可不修改，修改的话所有网络不能重叠

部署成功信息，需要添加master或者node按照提示执行即可！

 Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
 
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
 
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
 
  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
 
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
 
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
 
  kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3 \
    --control-plane 
 
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
 
kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3

 #查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes
#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源
kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml
# 查看集群pods状态
kubectl get pods -A

🔧 根据提示信息操其他步骤

设置.kube/config (复制上面输出信息内容)

   mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

安装网络组件（calico）

 wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml
 
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
# 等待 Calico 组件部署完成。可以运行以下命令来检查它们的状态
watch kubectl get pods -n kube-system
# 验证 Calico 安装是否成功。可以运行以下命令来获取网络插件的状态
kubectl get daemonsets.apps calico-node -n kube-system
# callco组件官网地址
# https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises#install-calico-with-kubernetes-api-datastore-more-than-50-nodes

加入node节点

 # 在node节点执行,根据自身修改
kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3

默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，可以直接使用命令快捷生成：
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm token list

三、创建测试pod

🧰 部署nginx测试

 cat > nginx.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx 
 
EOF
# 执行
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml

 cat > nginx-service.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
 
EOF
# 执行
kubectl apply -f nginx-service.yaml
# 查看服务（Running说明启动成功）
kubectl get pod,svc

四、部署Dashboard控制台（可选）

📊 控制台部署

kubernetes官方提供的可视化界面
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

 kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
# 因为文件是存放在github上的，可能需要使用特殊上网办法

📊 设置访问端口

 kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
# 搜索type: ClusterIP 
# 将type: ClusterIP改为 type: NodePort
# 查看是否开放控制台端口
kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard

访问：https://集群任意IP:端口例如：https://172.31.2.214:32759

📊 创建访问账户

 cat > user.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF
#执行创建脚本
kubectl apply -f user.yaml

📊 令牌访问

 # 获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

 # 获取到的登录令牌
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InpXSkU0TjhCUmVKQzBJaC03Nk9ES2NMZ1daRTRmQ1FMZU9rRUJ3VXRnM3MifQ.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.Hf5mhl35_R0iBfBW7fF198h_klEnN6pRKfk_roAzOtAN-Aq21E4804PUhe9Rr9e_uFzLfoFDXacjJrHCuhiML8lpHIfJLK_vSD2pZNaYc2NWZq2Mso-BMGpObxGA23hW0nLQ5gCxlnxIAcyE76aYTAB6U8PxpvtVdgUknBVrwXG8UC_D8kHm9PTwa9jgbZfSYAfhOHWmZxNYo7CF2sHH-AT_WmIE8xLmB7J11vDzaunv92xoUoI0ju7OBA2WRr61bOmSd8WJgLCDcyBblxz4Wa-3zghfKlp0Rgb8l56AAI7ML_snF59X6JqaCuAcCJjIu0FUTS5DuyIObEeXY-z-Rw

📊 登录界面

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进阶kubernetes高可用方案：https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/ha-topology/

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本文作者：Ronnybox

本文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/ronnybox/p/17522832.html

posted @ 2023-07-03 14:27 Ronnybox 阅读(63) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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ronnybox

随手记记

使用kubeadm创建kubernetes集群

说明

一、安装kubeadm

🧯 环境配置

🧯 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

二、使用kubeadm引导集群

🔧 下载各个机器需要的镜像

🔧 初始化主节点

🔧 根据提示信息操其他步骤

三、创建测试pod

🧰 部署nginx测试

四、部署Dashboard控制台（可选）

📊 控制台部署

📊 设置访问端口

📊 创建访问账户

📊 令牌访问

📊 登录界面

公告

常用链接

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	# 各个机器设置自己的主机名
	hostnamectl set-hostname master
	hostnamectl set-hostname node01
	hostnamectl set-hostname node02

	# 添加hosts文件,根据自己情况修改
	cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
	172.31.2.214 master
	172.31.2.215 node01
	172.31.2.216 node02
	EOF

	# SELinux 设置禁用
	sudo setenforce 0
	sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

	# 关闭swap
	swapoff -a
	sed -ri 's/.swap./#&/' /etc/fstab

	# 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
	cat <<EOF \| sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
	br_netfilter
	EOF

	cat <<EOF \| sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
	net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
	EOF
	sudo sysctl --system

	# 添加kebernetes源
	cat <<EOF \| sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
	[kubernetes]
	name=Kubernetes
	baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
	enabled=1
	gpgcheck=0
	repo_gpgcheck=0
	gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
	http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
	exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
	EOF


	#安装所需主键，并让kubelet开机自启
	sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
	sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

	sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
	#!/bin/bash
	images=(
	kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
	kube-proxy:v1.20.9
	kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
	kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
	coredns:1.7.0
	etcd:3.4.13-0
	pause:3.2
	)
	for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
	docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
	done
	EOF

	chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

	#主节点初始化
	kubeadm init \
	--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.2.214 \
	--control-plane-endpoint=master \
	--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
	--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
	--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
	--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

	# --apiserver-advertise-address修改为master所在的地址
	# --control-plane-endpoin修改为master主机名，前提要在hosts文件中有记录
	# 其余可不修改，修改的话所有网络不能重叠

	Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

	To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

	mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
	sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
	sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

	Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

	export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

	You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
	Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
	https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

	You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
	and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

	kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3 \
	--control-plane

	Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

	kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3

	#查看集群所有节点
	kubectl get nodes

	#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源
	kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml

	# 查看集群pods状态
	kubectl get pods -A

	wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml

	kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

	# 等待 Calico 组件部署完成。可以运行以下命令来检查它们的状态
	watch kubectl get pods -n kube-system

	# 验证 Calico 安装是否成功。可以运行以下命令来获取网络插件的状态
	kubectl get daemonsets.apps calico-node -n kube-system

	# callco组件官网地址
	# https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises#install-calico-with-kubernetes-api-datastore-more-than-50-nodes

	# 在node节点执行,根据自身修改
	kubeadm join master:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3

	cat > nginx.yaml << EOF
	apiVersion: apps/v1
	kind: Deployment
	metadata:
	name: nginx-deployment
	labels:
	app: nginx
	spec:
	replicas: 3
	selector:
	matchLabels:
	app: nginx
	template:
	metadata:
	labels:
	app: nginx
	spec:
	containers:
	- name: nginx
	image: nginx

	EOF

	# 执行
	kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml

	cat > nginx-service.yaml << EOF
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Service
	metadata:
	name: nginx-service
	spec:
	selector:
	app: nginx
	type: NodePort
	ports:
	- protocol: TCP
	port: 80
	targetPort: 80

	EOF

	# 执行
	kubectl apply -f nginx-service.yaml

	# 查看服务（Running说明启动成功）
	kubectl get pod,svc

	kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

	# 因为文件是存放在github上的，可能需要使用特殊上网办法

	kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
	# 搜索type: ClusterIP
	# 将type: ClusterIP改为 type: NodePort

	# 查看是否开放控制台端口
	kubectl get svc -A \|grep kubernetes-dashboard

	cat > user.yaml << EOF
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: ServiceAccount
	metadata:
	name: admin-user
	namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
	---
	apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
	kind: ClusterRoleBinding
	metadata:
	name: admin-user
	roleRef:
	apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
	kind: ClusterRole
	name: cluster-admin
	subjects:
	- kind: ServiceAccount
	name: admin-user
	namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
	EOF

	#执行创建脚本
	kubectl apply -f user.yaml

	# 获取访问令牌
	kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token \| base64decode}}"