自动化学习-Day06
安装第三方模块的方式： 1、pip install xxxx 2、.whl pip install c:/user/niuhanyang/desktop/xxx.whl 3、.tar.gz 1、先解压 2、解压之后在命令行里面进入到这个目录下 3、执行python setup.py install python3.5 -m pip insatll xxx python2 -m pip insatll xxx python3.6 -m pip insatll xxx
import 模块顺序： 1、从当前目录下找该文件 2、从环境变量的目录里面找 导入模块的实质是什么： 就是把这个python文件从头到尾执行一次
#手动添加环境变量
import sys print(sys.path) sys.path.append(r'D:\day06') print(sys.path)
列表生成式
res = [] for i in range(1,34): res.append(str(i).zfill(2)) print(res) res = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1,34)] print(res) l = [i for i in range(10)] print(l)
import random all_red_ball = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1, 34)] all_blue_ball = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1, 17)] def gen_seq(): blue = random.choice(all_blue_ball) red = random.sample(all_red_ball,6) red = ' '.join(red) return '红球:%s 篮球:%s'%(red,blue) all_seq=set() num = int(input('请输入要产生多少条双色球:').strip()) while len(all_seq) != num: # res = gen_password1()+'\n' res = gen_seq()+'\n' #xbA17\n all_seq.add(res) with open('passwords.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as fw: fw.writelines(all_seq)
OS模块
import os os.rename(old,new)#重命名 os.remove(f)#删除文件 os.mkdir('china/beijing') #创建文件夹 os.makedirs('china/beijing') #父目录不存在的时候会帮你创建 os.removedirs('china')#只能删除空文件夹 print(os.listdir())#显示该目录下面的所有文件和文件夹 print(os.path.isdir('china1'))#判断是否是文件夹 print(os.path.isfile('china'))#判断是否是文件 print(os.path.exists('china'))#判断文件或者文件夹是否存在
res = os.system('ipconfig')#执行操作系统命令 ls] print('res...',res) res = os.popen('ipconfig').read()#用来执行操作系统命令 print(res)
print(os.path.join('china','beijing','haidian','changping','a.py'))#拼路径 res = os.path.split(r'china\beijing\haidian\changping\a.py')#用来分割文件名和路径 print(res)
res = os.path.dirname(r'china\beijing\haidian\changping\a.py')#取父目录 print(res) print(os.path.getsize('笔记.txt'))#单位是字节 print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录 print(os.chdir(r'C:\Users\nhy\PycharmProjects\jnz\day5'))#进入到哪个目录下 print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录
统计目录下有多少个指定类型文件
import os res = os.walk(r'china') count = 0 for cur_path, dirs, files in res: print(cur_path) for f in files: if f.endswith('.py'): count += 1 os.remove(os.path.join(cur_path,f)) print(count)
import os def find_file(path,keyword): res = os.walk(path) for cur_path,dirs,files in res: for file_name in files: if keyword in file_name: print('该文件在%s下面'%cur_path) find_file(r'C:\\','9e7aaf5865c7eb142addd44ffeb11eeb938140e6211dfbca9cd9463c5cc67113.png')
time模块
import time res = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') #取当前的格式化日期 res = time.time()#获取当前的时间戳 #将时间转回时间戳 time_tuple = time.strptime('2038-08-29 19:23:59','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#把格式化好的时间转成时间元组 print(time.mktime(time_tuple)) def str_to_timestamp(time_str=None,format='%Y%m%d%H%M%S'): #格式化好的时间转时间戳的 #不传参数的话返回当前的时间戳 if time_str: time_tuple = time.strptime(time_str, format) # 把格式化好的时间转成时间元组 timestamp = time.mktime(time_tuple) else: timestamp = time.time() return int(timestamp) res = time.localtime(time.time())#是把时间戳转时间元组的，当前时区 res2 = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',res) print(res2) def timestamp_to_strtime(timestamp=None,format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'): #这个函数是用来把时间戳转成格式化好的时间 #如果不传时间戳的话，那么就返回当前的时间 if timestamp: time_tuple = time.localtime(timestamp) str_time = time.strftime(format,time_tuple) else: str_time = time.strftime(format) return str_time #用当前的时间戳+50年的秒数，时间戳转成格式化好的时间 five = str_to_timestamp() - (5*24*60*60) res = timestamp_to_strtime(five) print('50年后的时间是',res)
第三方模块
import xpinyin s = xpinyin.Pinyin() pinyin = s.get_pinyin('你好','') print(pinyin)
import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host=host,password=password, user=user,db=db,port=port, charset=charset,autocommit=True )#建立连接 cur= conn.cursor() #建立游标 cur.execute()#只是帮你执行sql语句 print(cur.fetchall())#获取数据库里面的所有的结果 print('fetchone',cur.fetchone()) sql='insert into app_myuser (username,passwd,is_admin) VALUE ("python123456","123456",1);' sql='select * from app_myuser limit 5;' cur.execute(sql) print(cur.description)#获取这个表里面的所有字段信息 conn.commit()#提交 cur.close() conn.close()
def my_db(ip,user,password,db,sql,port=3306,charset='utf8'): conn = pymysql.connect( host=ip,user=user,password=password, db=db, port=port,charset=charset,autocommit=True ) cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute(sql) res = cur.fetchall() cur.close() conn.close() return res def my_db2(sql): conn = pymysql.connect( host='118.24.3.40',user='jxz',password='123456', db='jxz', port=3306,charset='utf8',autocommit=True ) pass
hashlib加密模块
import hashlib password='123123' print(password.encode())#转成二进制类型的才可以加密 m = hashlib.md5(password.encode()) print(m.hexdigest()) def my_md5(s:str,salt=None): #salt是盐值 s = str(s) if salt: s = s+salt m = hashlib.md5(s.encode()) return m.hexdigest()
Excel操作
#读Excel import xlrd book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls') sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0) # sheet = book.sheet_by_name('sheet1') print(sheet.nrows) #excel里面有多少行 print(sheet.ncols) #excel里面有多少列 print(sheet.cell(0,0).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容 print(sheet.cell(0,1).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容 print(sheet.row_values(0))#获取到整行的内容 # print(sheet.col_values(0))#获取到整行的内容 for i in range(sheet.nrows):#循环获取每行的内容 print(sheet.row_values(i))
#写Excel import xlutils book = xlwt.Workbook() sheet = book.add_sheet('sheet1') sheet.write(0,0,'id')#指定行和lie写内容 sheet.write(0,1,'username') sheet.write(0,2,'password') stus = [ [1,'njf','1234'], [2,'xiaojun','1234'], [3,'hailong','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], [4,'xiaohei','1234'], ] line = 0 #控制的是行 for stu in stus:#行 col = 0 for s in stu: sheet.write(line,col,s) col+=1 line+=1 book.save('stu.xls')# .xlsx
#修改Excel import xlrd from xlutils import copy book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls') #先用xlrd打开一个Excel new_book = copy.copy(book) #然后用xlutils里面的copy功能，复制一个Excel sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)#获取sheet页 sheet.write(0,1,'芳') sheet.write(1,1,'军') new_book.save('stu.xls')
生成密码
import random import string def gen_password1(): pwd_len = random.randint(8,16) upper = random.sample(string.ascii_uppercase,1) lower = random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase,1) digit = random.sample(string.digits,1) punctuation = random.sample(string.punctuation,1) other = random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits+string.punctuation ,pwd_len-4) res = upper+lower+digit+punctuation+other random.shuffle(res) return ''.join(res) def gen_password2(): pwd_len = random.randint(8,16) all_str = string.ascii_letters+string.digits+string.punctuation res = set(random.sample(all_str,pwd_len)) if res & set(string.ascii_lowercase) and res & set(string.digits) \ and res & set(string.ascii_uppercase) and res & set(string.punctuation): return ''.join(res) return gen_password2() all_passwords=set() num = int(input('请输入要产生多少条密码:').strip()) while len(all_passwords) != num: # res = gen_password1()+'\n' res = gen_password2()+'\n' #xbA17\n all_passwords.add(res) with open('passwords.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as fw: fw.writelines(all_passwords)
