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groovy-闭包

2013-10-02 01:29  Rollen Holt  阅读(4189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

什么是闭包

一个groovy闭包就像一个代码块或者方法指针,他是定义然后执行的一段代码,但是他有一些特性:隐含变量,支持自由变量,支持currying 。

我们先来看看一些例子:

1 def clos = { println "hello!" }
2  
3 println "Executing the Closure:"
4 clos() //prints "hello!"

在上面的例子中”hello!”是因为调用clos()函数才打印出来的,而不是在定义的时候打印出来的。

参数

闭包的参数在->之前列出,比如:

1 def printSum = { a, b -> print a+b }
2 printSum( 57 //prints "12"

如果闭包的参数是少于2个的话,那么 ->是可以省略的。

Parameter notes

A Closure without -> , i.e. {} , is a Closure with one argument that is implicitly named as ‘it’. (see below for details) In some cases, you need to construct a Closure with zero arguments, e.g. using GString for templating, defining EMC Property etc. You have to explicity define your Closure as { -> } instead of just { }

You can also use varargs as parameters, refer to the Formal Guide for details. A JavaScript-style dynamic args could be simulated, refer to the Informal Guide.

自由变量

闭包能引用在参数列表中没有列出的变量,这些变量成为自由变量,他们的作用范围在他们定义的范围内:

1 def myConst = 5
2 def incByConst = { num -> num + myConst }
3 println incByConst(10// => 15

另外一个例子:

1 def localMethod() {
2  def localVariable = new java.util.Date()
3  return println localVariable }
4 }
5  
6 def clos = localMethod()
7  
8 println "Executing the Closure:"
9 clos() //prints the date when "localVariable" was defined

隐式变量

it

如果你有一个闭包但是只有一个参数,那么你可以省略这个参数,比如:

1 def clos = { print it }
2 clos( "hi there" //prints "hi there"

this, owner, and delegate

this : 和java中是一样的, this refers to the instance of the enclosing class where a Closure is defined

owner : the enclosing object (this or a surrounding Closure)

delegate : by default the same as owner, but changeable for example in a builder or ExpandoMetaClass

1 class Class1 {
2  def closure = {
3  println this.class.name
4  println delegate.class.name
5  def nestedClos = {
6  println owner.class.name
7  }
8  nestedClos()
9  }
10 }
11  
12 def clos = new Class1().closure
13 clos.delegate = this
14 clos()
15 /* prints:
16  Class1
17  Script1
18  Class1$_closure1 */

闭包作为方法参数

当一个方法使用闭包作为最后一个参数的话,那么就可以内嵌一个闭包,比如:

1 def list = ['a','b','c','d']
2 def newList = []
3  
4 list.collect( newList ) {
5  it.toUpperCase()
6 }
7 println newList // ["A", "B", "C", "D"]

在上面的collect方法中,他接受一个一个List和闭包,上面的代码等价于下面的代码:

1 def list = ['a','b','c','d']
2 def newList = []
3  
4 def clos = { it.toUpperCase() }
5 list.collect( newList, clos )
6  
7 assert newList == ["A""B""C""D"]

 

更多的信息:

Groovy继承了 java.lang.Object并且许多的 Collection 和Map 的许多方法都接受闭包作为参数的 See GDK Extensions to Object for practical uses of Groovy's Closures.

See Also: