PyQt基本操作

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

import sys
from PyQt4 import  QtCore, QtGui
class MyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):
    def __init__( self ):
        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__( self )
        self.setWindowTitle( "PyQt" )
        self.resize( 300, 200 )
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
mywindow = MyWindow()
mywindow.show()
app.exec_()
    

 运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

#coding=utf-8
#标签的使用
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 200, 300 )
        #添加标签
        label = QtGui.QLabel( "label" )
        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )
        self.setCentralWidget( label )
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
demo = Window()
demo.show()
app.exec_()

 效果如下：

基本布局：

#coding=gbk
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        
        hBoxLayout1 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        
        label1 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label1" )
        label2 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label2" )
        label3 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label3" )
        label4 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label4" )
        label5 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label5" )
        #---------添加表格布局
        gridLayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
         
        gridLayout.addWidget( label1 , 0, 0 )
        gridLayout.addWidget( label2 , 0, 1 )
        gridLayout.addWidget( label3 , 0, 2 )
        gridLayout.addWidget( label4 , 1, 0 )
        gridLayout.addWidget( label5 , 1, 1 )
         
        self.setLayout( gridLayout )        
#-------添加水平布局
#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 )
#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 )
#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 )
#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 )
#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 )
#        
#        self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )

#---------添加垂直布局
#        vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 )
#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 )
#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 )
#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 )
#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 )
#        
#        self.setLayout( vBoxLayout )
#        


app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
demo = Window()
demo.show()
app.exec_()

 效果：

按钮基本使用

#coding=utf-8
#按钮操作

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        
        button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button1" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( button1, 0, 0, 1, 3 )
        
        button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button2" )
        button2.setFlat( True )
        gridlayout.addWidget( button2, 1, 1, 1, 3 )
        self.setLayout( gridlayout )
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
demo = Window()
demo.show()
app.exec_()

 

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

#coding=utf-8
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        
        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        
        str = "hello"  #这里中文乱码，纠结
        label = QtGui.QLabel( str )
        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )
        
        textFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()
        gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0, 0 )
        gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )
        
        passwordFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()
        passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )
        gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )
        
        textArea = QtGui.QTextEdit()
        textArea.setText( "asdasda" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )
        
        
        self.setLayout( gridlayout )
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
window = Window()
window.show()
app.exec_()

 

单选和复选框

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        hboxlayout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        
        self.radio1 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio1" )
        self.radio2 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio2" )
        self.radio3 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio3" )
        self.radio1.setChecked( True )
        
        hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio1 )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio2 )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio3 )
        
        checkbox1 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox1" )
        checkbox2 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox2" )
        checkbox3 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox3" )
        checkbox1.setChecked( True )
        
        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )

        self.button = QtGui.QPushButton( "Ok" )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( self.button )
        
        self.connect( self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton )
        
        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )
    def OnButton( self ):
        if self.radio2.isChecked():
            self.radio2.setText( "haha" )
        
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

 

现在看看菜单：

#coding=utf-8
#菜单事件
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        
        
        
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        self.file = menubar.addMenu( '&File' )
        open = self.file.addAction( 'Open' )
        self.connect( open, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnOpen )
        
        save = self.file.addAction( 'Save' )
        self.connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnSave )
        self.file.addSeparator()
        close = self.file.addAction( "Close" )
        self.connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnClose )
        
        self.label = QtGui.QLabel( "this is a  google test" )
        self.label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )
        self.setCentralWidget( self.label )
        
    def OnOpen( self ):
        self.label.setText( "open" )
    def OnSave( self ):
        self.label.setText( "save" )
    def OnClose( self ):
        self.close()
    def contextMenuEvent( self, event ):
       self.file.exec_( event.globalPos() )
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

 

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

#coding=utf-8
#对话框
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        
        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        
        self.AboutButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "About" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.AboutButton, 0, 0 )
        self.AboutQtButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "AboutQt" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.AboutQtButton, 0, 1 )
        self.CriticalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "CriticalButton" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.CriticalButton, 1, 0 )
        self.InfoButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Info" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.InfoButton, 1, 1 )
        self.QuestionButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Question" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.QuestionButton, 2, 0 )
        self.WarningButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Warning" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.WarningButton, 2, 1 )
        
        spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200, 80 )
        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3, 1, 1, 5 )
        self.setLayout( gridlayout )
        
        self.connect( self.AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnAboutButton )
        self.connect( self.AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnAboutQtButton )
        self.connect( self.CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnCriticalButton )
        self.connect( self.InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnInfoButton )
        self.connect( self.QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnQuestionButton )
        self.connect( self.WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnWarningButton )
        
    def OnAboutButton( self ):
        QtGui.QMessageBox.about( self, 'PyQt', "About" )
        
    def OnAboutQtButton( self ):
        QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt( self, "PyQt" )
        
    def OnCriticalButton( self ):
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.critical( self, "PyQT", "CriticalButton", QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,
                                   QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )
        if r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:
            self.setWindowTitle( "Abort" )
        elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:
            self.setWindowTitle( "Retry" )
        elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:
            self.setWindowTitle( "Ignore" )
        else:
            pass
        
    def OnInfoButton( self ):
        QtGui.QMessageBox.information( self, "Pyqt", "information" )
        
    def OnQuestionButton( self ):
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.question( self, "PyQt", "Question", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )
        
    def OnWarningButton( self ):
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.warning( self, "PyQT", "warning", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )
    
        
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

 

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

#coding=utf-8
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 500, 500 )
        
        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        
        self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "File" )
        self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Font" )
        self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Color" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.button1 )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.button2 )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.button3 )
        spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200, 80 )
        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3, 1, 1, 3 )
        self.setLayout( gridlayout )
        
        self.connect( self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton1 )
        self.connect( self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton2 )
        self.connect( self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton3 )
        
        
    def OnButton1( self ):
        fileName = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName( self, 'Open' )
        if not fileName.isEmpty():
            self.setWindowTitle( fileName )    
        
    def OnButton2( self ):
        font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()
        if ok:
            self.setWindowTitle( font.key() )
    
    def OnButton3( self ):
        color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()
        if color.isValid():
            self.setWindowTitle( color.name() )
        
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

 

现在还是对话框：

#coding=utf-8
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle( "Dialog" )
        self.gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        
        self.label = QtGui.QLabel( "Please Input:" )
        self.textField = QtGui.QLineEdit()
        self.okButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "OK" )
        self.cancalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Cancel" )
        
        self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.label , 0, 0 )
        self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.textField , 0, 1 )
        self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.cancalButton , 0, 2 )
        self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.okButton , 0, 3 )
        
        self.connect( self.okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnOk )
        self.connect( self.cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnCancel )
        
        self.setLayout( self.gridlayout )
        
    def OnOk( self ):
        self.text = self.textField.text()
        self.done( 1 )
    def OnCancel( self ):
        self.done( 0 )
        

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 400, 300 )
        
        hboxlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.creatDialogButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Create a new Dialog" )
        hboxlayout.addWidget( self.creatDialogButton )
        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )
        
        self.connect( self.creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton )
        
    def OnButton( self ):
        dialog = MyDialog()
        r = dialog.exec_()
        if r:
            self.creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )
        
        
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

 

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

#coding=utf-8
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore, uic

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()
        uic.loadUi( "res.ui", self )

class MyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( MyWindow, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )
        self.resize( 300, 200 )
        
        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.button = QtGui.QPushButton( "CreateDialog" )
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.button )
        self.setLayout( gridlayout )
        
        self.connect( self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButtoN )
        
    def OnButtoN( self ):
        dialog = MyDialog()
        r = dialog.exec_();
        if r:
            self.button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )
        
app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
demo = MyWindow()
demo.show()
app.exec_()