抽象类
对于抽象类,只需要将它看成一种其他类实现某些功能的模版,例如我们定义一个事物模版,那么它有身高,体重,语言,国籍,语言......这样的一系列的特征我们知道他应该描述的是一个人,只要我们将这些特性一一赋值,就能知道这个事物的具体存在。因此我们不能实例化这个模版(不能使用new关键字),他不代表任何一个现实的存在,只是为利用它而进行实例化的实例提供了若干接口,因为他是模版所以不能私有化,即不能使用private关键字。同时抽象方法隐含为virtual方法,以重写(override)的方式达到实例化的目的,但是不能使用virtual关键字。
在对抽象类测试的过程中,我发现了如下特性:
1.抽象类中可以包含非抽象的虚方法或非抽象的非虚方法。
2.非抽象类中不可以包含抽象成员
3.因为不能实例化因此不能使用this或base关键字代替实例,即继承自抽象类的类中不能通过base关键字访问基类成员。
4.不能实例化抽象类,但是可以实例化抽象类类型的数组类型。
.5一个类若是继承了一个抽象类但是没有完全重写基类的抽象成员,那么这个类依旧只能是抽象类,此规则对继承该类的子类继续有效。
6.对于一个抽象类中包含非抽象的虚方法,若是抽象类或非抽象类继承该方法简单都是做简单的重写处理,但是抽象类可以使用抽象方法二次重写该虚方法,同时继续继承该抽象类的非抽象类中必须重写其基类的抽象方法。
以下是我的测试代码:
using System;
namespace Abctract
{
public abstract class Person
{
public abstract string Language
{
get;
}
public abstract void Work();
public string language;
}
class Chinese : Person
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "SPeaking Chinese";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("programmer");
Console.WriteLine(Language);
}
/*void trybase()
{
//base.Work();//error:the Work() is abstract method
}*/
}
class Canadian : Person
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "Speaking English";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("teacher");
Console.WriteLine(Language);
}
}
#region( test use an abstract method overrides the base class's virtual method)
//start:
class p
{
public virtual void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("call: p.F()");
}
}
abstract class p1 : p
{
public abstract override void F();// overrides the base class's virtual method
}
class p1_1 : p1
{
public override void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("call: p1_1.F()");
//Abstract methods must be rewritten
}
}
//:end
#endregion( test use an abstract method overrides the base class's virtual method)
abstract class Military : Person//Non-abstract methods can not be here
{
public void G()
{
Console.WriteLine("Non-abstract methods in abstract Class");
}
}
class Soldier : Military
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "Speaking English";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("Fight");
}
}
class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
//error: Person person = new Person();
Person[] person = new Person[2];
person[0] = new Chinese();
person[1] = new Canadian();
for (int i = 0; i < person.Length; i++)
{
person[i].Work();
Console.WriteLine("==========");
}
p1_1 n = new p1_1();
n.F();
/*Here if the p1_1 not override inherited abstract methods,
else occurs tips of an exception
For example:
class p1_1 : p1
{
}
*/
Console.WriteLine("==========");
Soldier s = new Soldier();
s.Work();
s.G();
Console.WriteLine(s.Language);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
namespace Abctract
{
public abstract class Person
{
public abstract string Language
{
get;
}
public abstract void Work();
public string language;
}
class Chinese : Person
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "SPeaking Chinese";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("programmer");
Console.WriteLine(Language);
}
/*void trybase()
{
//base.Work();//error:the Work() is abstract method
}*/
}
class Canadian : Person
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "Speaking English";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("teacher");
Console.WriteLine(Language);
}
}
#region( test use an abstract method overrides the base class's virtual method)
//start:
class p
{
public virtual void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("call: p.F()");
}
}
abstract class p1 : p
{
public abstract override void F();// overrides the base class's virtual method
}
class p1_1 : p1
{
public override void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("call: p1_1.F()");
//Abstract methods must be rewritten
}
}
//:end
#endregion( test use an abstract method overrides the base class's virtual method)
abstract class Military : Person//Non-abstract methods can not be here
{
public void G()
{
Console.WriteLine("Non-abstract methods in abstract Class");
}
}
class Soldier : Military
{
public override string Language
{
get
{
return "Speaking English";
}
}
public override void Work()
{
Console.WriteLine("Fight");
}
}
class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
//error: Person person = new Person();
Person[] person = new Person[2];
person[0] = new Chinese();
person[1] = new Canadian();
for (int i = 0; i < person.Length; i++)
{
person[i].Work();
Console.WriteLine("==========");
}
p1_1 n = new p1_1();
n.F();
/*Here if the p1_1 not override inherited abstract methods,
else occurs tips of an exception
For example:
class p1_1 : p1
{
}
*/
Console.WriteLine("==========");
Soldier s = new Soldier();
s.Work();
s.G();
Console.WriteLine(s.Language);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}