mysql--多表连接查询

一.多表连接查询

SELECT 字段列表
            FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2
            ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;

  1.交叉连接:不适用任何匹配条件.生成笛卡尔积

select * from department,employee; #表用逗号分隔,看我查询时表的顺序,先department后employee,所以你看结果表的这些字段,是不是就是我们两个表字段并且哪个表在前面,哪个表的字段就在前面

  2.内连接:只连接匹配的行

select * from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;

  3.外连接: 左连接 优先显示左表全部记录

#本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的结果  #注意语法:
 
select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

  4.外连接: 右连接 有限显示右表全部记录

本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加右边有左边没有的结果
select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

  5.全外连接:显示左右两个表全部记录

全外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果
#注意:mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN
#强调:mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
;

 

二.符合条件连接查询

select employee.name,department.name from employee inner join department
    on employee.dep_id = department.id
    where age > 25;

三.子查询

  子查询其实就是将你的一个查询结果用括号括起来,这个结果也是一张表,就可以将它交给另外一个sql语句,作为它的一个查询依据来进行操作。

1、带IN关键字的子查询

#查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id)
select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee);

2、带比较运算符的子查询

#比较运算符:=!=>>=<<=<>
在用where ,having条件时可以使用

3.带EXISTS关键字的子查询

   EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时,内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。而是返回一个真假值。True或False
   当返回True时,外层查询语句将进行查询;当返回值为False时,外层查询语句不进行查询。还可以写not exists
和exists的效果就是反的

 

连表

练习:通过连表的方式来查询每个部门最新入职的那位员工

复制代码
company.employee
    员工id      id                  int             
    姓名        emp_name            varchar
    性别        sex                 enum
    年龄        age                 int
    入职日期     hire_date           date
    岗位        post                varchar
    职位描述     post_comment        varchar
    薪水        salary              double
    办公室       office              int
    部门编号     depart_id           int



#创建表,只需要创建这一张表
create table employee(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null,
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的
age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
hire_date date not null,
post varchar(50),
post_comment varchar(100),
salary double(15,2),
office int, #一个部门一个屋子
depart_id int
);


#查看表结构
mysql> desc employee;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name         | varchar(20)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex          | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
| age          | int(3) unsigned       | NO   |     | 28      |                |
| hire_date    | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| post         | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| post_comment | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| salary       | double(15,2)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| office       | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

#插入记录
#三个部门:教学,销售,运营
insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
('egon','male',18,'20170301','老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
('alex','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
('wupeiqi','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
('yuanhao','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
('liwenzhou','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
('jingliyang','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
('jinxin','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
('成龙','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),

('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),

('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
;

#ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk
连表示例

 

posted @ 2019-01-19 19:13  robertx  阅读(431)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报