Cordova CLI源码分析(一)——简介
本系列文章分析基于node.js的命令行工具Cordova CLI,所以如果对node.js基础不是很了解,建议参考http://nodejs.gamesys.net/node-js提供的基础教程
文中提到的包和模块是同一概念
1、简介
Cordova CLI是一个基于node.js的命令行工具,用于编译、部署和管理跨平台的Cordova 混合应用程序。
Apache Cordova 使开发者运用Html, CSS,javascript就能够构建原生移动应用
支持平台
l Android
l BlackBerry 10
l iOS
l Windows Phone 7 & 8
运行环境
Node.js
各平台SDK
安装
npm install -g cordova
默认安装路径
C:\Documents and Settings\xxx\Application Data\npm\node_modules\cordova\src
2、命令参数
全局命令
create <directory> [<id> [<name>]] 创建一个新的 cordova项目,三个参数分别是 保存路径,项目id,项目名称(反域名格式com.xxx.xxxx)
项目命令
platform [ls | list] list all platforms the project will build to
platform add <platform> [<platform> ...] add one (or more) platforms as a build target for the project
platform [rm | remove] <platform> [<platform> ...] removes one (or more) platforms as a build target for the project
plugin [ls | list] list all plugins added to the project
plugin add <path-to-plugin> [<path-to-plugin> ...] add one (or more) plugins to the project
plugin [rm | remove] <plugin-name> [<plugin-name> ...] remove one (or more) added plugins
prepare [platform...] copies files into the specified platforms, or all platforms. it is then ready for building by Eclipse/Xcode/etc.
compile [platform...] compiles the app into a binary for each added platform. With no parameters, builds for all platforms, otherwise builds for the specified platforms.
build [<platform> [<platform> [...]]] an alias for cordova prepare followed by cordova compile
emulate [<platform> [<platform> [...]]] launch emulators and deploy app to them. With no parameters emulates for all platforms added to the project, otherwise emulates for the specified platforms
serve <platform> [port] launch a local web server for that platform's www directory on the given port (default 8000).
可选参数
-d或--verbose 添加调式信息输出
-v 或--version 输出cordova-cli版本信息
3、目录结构
运行cordova create hello hellotest com.xxx.hellotest
hello/
|--.cordova/
| | -- hooks/
| | -- config.json
|-- merges/
| | -- android/
| | -- blackberry10/
| | -- ios/
|-- www/
| `-- config.xml
|-- platforms/
| |-- android/
| |-- blackberry10/
| `-- ios/
`-- plugins/
刚创建完的merges,platforms,plugins都是空目录,而.cordova/config.json包含create创建时指定的参数{"id":"hellotest","name":"com.xxx.hellotest"}
(1).cordova目录是辨别是否是cordova项目的重要标志,存储一些配置文件和信息;
(2)www目录下存放的是各个平台上一致的web文件,即每个平台使用相同代码,当调用prepare命令时,拷贝此目录下内容到platforms下原生目录;
config.xml是符合W3C's Packaged Web Apps (Widgets) 标准的配置文件,通过修改config.xml中参数值,cordova-cli完成应用参数的修改
示例:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<widget id="hellotest" version="0.0.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/widgets" xmlns:cdv="http://cordova.apache.org/ns/1.0">
<name>com.jinkai.hellotest</name>
<description>
A sample Apache Cordova application that responds to the deviceready event.
</description>
<author email="dev@callback.apache.org" href="http://cordova.io">
Apache Cordova Team
</author>
<content src="index.html" />
<access origin="*" />
<preference name="fullscreen" value="true" />
<preference name="webviewbounce" value="true" />
<plugins>
<plugin name="MyPlugin" value="MyPluginClass" />
</plugins>
<content src="index.html" />
</widget>
其中主要有以下几个参数:
<name> 展示给用户的应该程序名称
<widget> 中id属性指定包名(bundle identifier 或application id)
<widget> 中version属性版本
<access> 中 origin 属性,指定网络访问白名单
<preference> 用于存储一些键值对参数
<plugin> 定义原生插件,当运行时Cordova framework确保应用可以调用设备的API接口
<content> 定义web起始页,默认值是index.html
(3)merges目录下存放的是有平台差异的web文件,当调用prepare命令时,拷贝此目录下内容到platforms下原生目录,如果有同名www目录下文件存在,merges目录下文件将覆盖www下文件;
例如存在以下目录结构
merges/
|-- ios/
| `-- app.js
|-- android/
| `-- android.js
www/
`-- app.js
最终编译时,platforms目录下,android目录包含android.js和app.js,iOS目录包含app.js,这个文件与merges目录下ios/app.js一致,即merges目录下文件覆盖www目下文件
(4)platforms 各平台原生应用程序目录结构
(5)plugins 所有插件将会解压后放在此目录
(6)hooks 定义一系列回调函数
包含两类:项目指定和模块指定函数
4、Cordova CLI使用流程
(1)创建应用 cordova create (创建应用程序骨架)
cordova create hello hellotest com.jinkai.hellotest
(2)添加平台 cordova platform add
cd hello
Mac支持平台
$ cordova platform add ios
$ cordova platform add android
$ cordova platform add blackberry10
Windows支持平台
$ cordova platform add wp7
$ cordova platform add wp8
$ cordova platform add android
$ cordova platform add blackberry10
查看支持平台
cordova platform ls
删除
$ cordova platform remove blackberry10
$ cordova platform rm android
(3)编译cordova build(在platforms目录下生成平台代码)
$ cordova build ios
等价于顺序执行以下两个步骤
$ cordova prepare ios $ cordova compile ios
(4)测试
$ cordova emulate android
(5)添加插件
安装插件cordova plugin add
Basic device information (Device API):
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-device.git
Network Connection and Battery Events:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-network-information.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-battery-status.git
Accelerometer, Compass, and Geolocation:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-device-motion.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-device-orientation.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-geolocation.git
Camera, Media playback and Capture:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-camera.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-media-capture.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-media.git
Access files on device or network (File API):
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-file.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-file-transfer.git
Notification via dialog box or vibration:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-dialogs.git
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-vibration.git
Contacts:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-contacts.git
Globalization:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-globalization.git
Splashscreen:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-splashscreen.git
Open new browser windows (InAppBrowser):
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-inappbrowser.git
Debug console:
$ cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-console.git
查看已安装插件plugin ls 或plugin list 或plugin
$ cordova plugin ls # or 'plugin list' [ 'org.apache.cordova.core.console' ]
删除插件
$ cordova plugin rm org.apache.cordova.core.console $ cordova plugin remove org.apache.cordova.core.console # same