JAXB 完全手册

Jaxb是JavaEE的规范.全称Java Architecture for XML Binding.
  可以根据XML Schema产生Java类的技术,JAXB也提供了将XML实例文档反向生成Java对象树的方法,并能将Java对象树的内容重新写到XML实例文档.
  JAXB 2.0是JDK 1.6的组成部分。JAXB 2.2.3是JDK 1.7的组成部分。在实际使用不需要引入新的jar.
  可以配合JPA使用,下面例子也是按JPA+JAXB来说明,因此需要引入jpa的实现包.hibernate-validator随便.做验证用的.

1. JDK中JAXB相关的重要Class和Interface:
JAXBContext类,是应用的入口,用于管理XML/Java绑定信息。
Marshaller接口,将Java对象序列化为XML数据。
Unmarshaller接口,将XML数据反序列化为Java对象。

2. 常用注解说明
常用的annotation有:
@XmlType
@XmlElement
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAttribute
@XmlAccessorType
@XmlAccessorOrder
@XmlTransient
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter
@Temporal(TemporalType.XXXX) -->JPA中的时间处理注解,非JAXB
@XmlElementWrapper

1.@XmlType
  @XmlType用在class类的注解,常与@XmlRootElement,@XmlAccessorType一起使用。它有三个属性:name、propOrder、namespace,经常使用的只有前两个属性。如:
同时使用了@XmlType(propOrder={})和@XmlAccessorOrder(XmlAccessOrder.ALPHABETICAL)的时候,生成的xml只按照propOrder定义的顺序生成元素
@XmlType(name = "basicStruct", propOrder = {
"intValue",
"stringArray",
"stringValue"
)
在使用@XmlType的propOrder 属性时,必须列出JavaBean对象中的所有属性,否则会报错。

2.@XmlRootElement
  @XmlRootElement用于类级别的注解,对应xml的跟元素,常与 @XmlType 和 @XmlAccessorType一起使用。如:
  @XmlType
  @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
  @XmlRootElement
  public class Address {}

3.@XmlElement
  @XmlElement将java对象的属性映射为xml的节点,在使用@XmlElement时,可通过name属性改变java对象属性在xml中显示的名称。如:
  @XmlElement(name="Address")  
  private String yourAddress;

4.@XmlAttribute
  @XmlAttribute用于把java对象的属性映射为xml的属性,并可通过name属性为生成的xml属性指定别名。如:
  @XmlAttribute(name="Country")
  private String state;

5.@XmlAccessorType
  @XmlAccessorType用于指定由java对象生成xml文件时对java对象属性的访问方式。常与@XmlRootElement、@XmlType一起使用。它的属性值是XmlAccessType的4个枚举值,分别为:
XmlAccessType.FIELD:java对象中的所有成员变量
XmlAccessType.PROPERTY:java对象中所有通过getter/setter方式访问的成员变量
XmlAccessType.PUBLIC_MEMBER:java对象中所有的public访问权限的成员变量和通过getter/setter方式访问的成员变量
XmlAccessType.NONE:java对象的所有属性都不映射为xml的元素
注意:@XmlAccessorType的默认访问级别是XmlAccessType.PUBLIC_MEMBER,因此,如果java对象中的private成员变量设置了public权限的getter/setter方法,就不要在private变量上使用@XmlElement和@XmlAttribute注解,否则在由java对象生成xml时会报同一个属性在java类里存在两次的错误。同理,如果@XmlAccessorType的访问权限为XmlAccessType.NONE,如果在java的成员变量上使用了@XmlElement或@XmlAttribute注解,这些成员变量依然可以映射到xml文件。
注意:虽然@XmlAccessorType为XmlAccessType.NONE,但是在java类的私有属性上加了@XmlAttribute和@XmlElement注解后,这些私有成员会映射生成xml的元素

6.@XmlAccessorOrder
  @XmlAccessorOrder用于对java对象生成的xml元素进行排序。它有两个属性值:
  AccessorOrder.ALPHABETICAL:对生成的xml元素按字母书序排序
  XmlAccessOrder.UNDEFINED:不排序

7.@XmlTransient
  @XmlTransient用于标示在由java对象映射xml时,忽略此属性。即,在生成的xml文件中不出现此元素。

8.@XmlJavaTypeAdapter
  @XmlJavaTypeAdapter常用在转换比较复杂的对象时,如map类型或者格式化日期等。使用此注解时,需要自己写一个adapter类继承XmlAdapter抽象类,并实现里面的方法。
  @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=xxx.class),value为自己定义的adapter类
  XmlAdapter 抽象接口如下:

public abstract class XmlAdapter<ValueType,BoundType> {
    // Do-nothing constructor for the derived classes.
    protected XmlAdapter() {}
    // Convert a value type to a bound type.
    public abstract BoundType unmarshal(ValueType v);
    // Convert a bound type to a value type.
    public abstract ValueType marshal(BoundType v);
}

实际案例:

import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
  
public class DateAdapter extends XmlAdapter<String, Date> {
  
    private String pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
      
    @Override
    public Date unmarshal(String dateStr) throws Exception {
          
        return fmt.parse(dateStr);
    }
  
    @Override
    public String marshal(Date date) throws Exception {
          
        return fmt.format(date);
    }
  
}

用于格式化日期在xml中的显示格式,并且由xml unmarshal为java对象时,将字符串解析为Date对象
在某个类中如下使用,解析出对应的时间格式.必须重载那2个方法,用于JAXB marshal xml,xml unmarshal object时候使用.
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=DateAdapter.class)
private Date purDate;

9.但如果是和JPA一起使用的话,可以使用@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)来格式时间,默认为TemporalType.TIMESTAMP类型.TemporalType属性如下:
public enum TemporalType {
  DATE, //java.sql.Date
  TIME, //java.sql.Time
  TIMESTAMP //java.sql.Timestamp
}
java.sql.Date
日期型,精确到年月日,例如“2008-08-08”
java.sql.Time
时间型,精确到时分秒,例如“20:00:00”
java.sql.Timestamp
时间戳,精确到纳秒,例如“2008-08-08 20:00:00.000000001”
10.在JAXB标准中,@XmlElementWrapper注解表示生成一个包装 XML 表示形式的包装器元素。 此元素主要用于生成一个包装集合的包装器 XML 元素。
注:@XmlElementWrapper仅允许出现在集合属性上。最后的案例将使用这个注解.
3. 最终案例(模拟XML--系统 --DB)

例子XML示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<userinfo xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <id>110</id>
    <name>Credo</name>
    <address>China BeiJing</address>
    <job>programmer</job>
    <overinfos>
        <overinfo>
            <hobby>Accompany my girlfriend.</hobby>
            <!--开始日期 dateTime-->
            <beginDate>2009-06-02T12:00:00</beginDate>
            <!--结束日期 dateTime-->
            <endDate>2109-06-02T12:00:00</endDate>
        </overinfo>
        <overinfo>
            <hobby>Write some code.</hobby>
            <!--开始日期 dateTime-->
            <beginDate>2009-06-02T12:00:00</beginDate>
            <!--结束日期 dateTime-->
            <endDate>2029-06-02T12:00:00</endDate>
        </overinfo>
    </overinfos>
</userinfo>

Model层(JAXB+JPA):

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElements;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
/**
 * @author Credo
 */
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@Entity
@Table(name = "USERINFO")
public class Userinfo implements Serializable{
     
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7870351249722416047L;
     
    @Id
    @Column(name = "ID", nullable = false)
    private Long id;
     
    @Column(name = "NAME", length = 50)
    @Length(max = 50)
    private String name;
     
    @Column(name = "ADDRESS", length = 50)
    @Length(max = 50)
    private String address;
     
    @Column(name = "JOB", length = 50)
    @Length(max = 50)
    private String job;
     
    @XmlElementWrapper(name = "overinfos")
    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @XmlElements(value = { @XmlElement(name = "overinfo", type = Overinfo.class) })
    private List<Overinfo> overinfos;
     
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public String getJob() {
        return job;
    }
    public void setJob(String job) {
        this.job = job;
    }
    public List<Overinfo> getOverinfos() {
        return overinfos;
    }
    public void setOverinfos(List<Overinfo> overinfos) {
        this.overinfos = overinfos;
    }
     
}

Overinfo.class

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlTransient;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "overinfo")
@Entity
@Table(name = "OVERINFO")
public class Overinfo implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2579971237985854291L;
    
    @XmlTransient
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "ID")
    private Long id;
     
    @XmlTransient
    @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "UserinfoId")
    private Userinfo userinfo;
     
    @Column(name = "hobby", length = 20)
    private String hobby;
     
    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    @Column(name = "beginDate", length = 20)
    private Date beginDate;
     
    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    @Column(name = "endDate", length = 20)
    private Date endDate;
    
    public String getHobby() {
        return hobby;
    }
    public void setHobby(String hobby) {
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }
    public Date getBeginDate() {
        return beginDate;
    }
    public void setBeginDate(Date beginDate) {
        this.beginDate = beginDate;
    }
    public Date getEndDate() {
        return endDate;
    }
    public void setEndDate(Date endDate) {
        this.endDate = endDate;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public Userinfo getUserinfo() {
        return userinfo;
    }
    public void setUserinfo(Userinfo userinfo) {
        this.userinfo = userinfo;
    }
}

JAXB并发处理:

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
public final class JAXBCache {

    private static final JAXBCache instance = new JAXBCache();
    private final ConcurrentMap<String, JAXBContext> contextCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, JAXBContext>();
    
    private JAXBCache() {
    }
    
    public static JAXBCache instance() {
        return instance;
    }
    
    JAXBContext getJAXBContext(Class<?> clazz) throws JAXBException {
        JAXBContext context = contextCache.get(clazz.getName());
        if ( context == null )
        {
            context = JAXBContext.newInstance(clazz);
            contextCache.putIfAbsent(clazz.getName(), context);
        }
        return context;
    }
    
}

JAXBExportSchema 导出JAXB的 class的 结构

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.SchemaOutputResolver;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.credo.jaxb.model.Userinfo;

/**
 * JAXB 导出Schema。
 *
 * @author: Credo
 * @date: 2013-6-25
 */
public class JAXBExportSchema {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JAXBContext jct;
        try
        {
            jct = JAXBContext.newInstance(Userinfo.class);
            jct.generateSchema(new Resolver());
        }
        catch ( Exception ex )
        {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
}

class Resolver extends SchemaOutputResolver {

    @Override
    public Result createOutput(String namespaceUri, String suggestedFileName) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("d:\\", suggestedFileName);
        StreamResult result = new StreamResult(file);
        result.setSystemId(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
        return result;
    }
    
}

JAXBUtil以及main方法测试:

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.credo.jaxb.model.Overinfo;
import org.credo.jaxb.model.Userinfo;

/**
 * marshal对象和unmarshal对象都是由JAXBContext创建.所以一开始需要初始化JAXBContext.
 * @author Credo
 */
public class JAXBUtil {

    /**
     * 生成xml文件的二进制数据
     * @param obj 对象
     */
    public static byte[] marshal(Object obj) throws JAXBException {
        JAXBContext context = JAXBCache.instance().getJAXBContext(obj.getClass());
        Marshaller m = context.createMarshaller();
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        m.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, Boolean.TRUE);
        m.marshal(obj, outputStream);
        byte[] result = outputStream.toByteArray();
        return result;
    }
    
    /**
     * @param data xml stream
     * @param classe 类
     * @return jaxb生成xml的java 类对象
     */
    public static Object unmarshal(byte[] data, Class<?> classe) throws JAXBException {
        JAXBContext context = JAXBCache.instance().getJAXBContext(classe);
        Unmarshaller m = context.createUnmarshaller();
        ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
        Object obj = m.unmarshal(inputStream);
        return obj;
    }
    
    /**
     * @param data xml stream
     * @param classe 类
     * @return jaxb生成xml的java 类对象
     */
    public static Object unmarshal(InputStream in, Class<?> classe) throws JAXBException, IOException {
        JAXBContext context = JAXBCache.instance().getJAXBContext(classe);
        byte[] data = IOUtils.toByteArray(in);
        Unmarshaller m = context.createUnmarshaller();
        ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
        Object obj = m.unmarshal(inputStream);
        return obj;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws JAXBException {
        Userinfo userinfo = new Userinfo();
        userinfo.setId(Long.valueOf(11));
        List<Overinfo> list = new ArrayList<Overinfo>();
        Overinfo e = new Overinfo();
        e.setHobby("陪女友");
        list.add(e);
        Overinfo e1 = new Overinfo();
        e1.setHobby("写代码");
        list.add(e1);
        userinfo.setOverinfos(list);
        byte[] b = JAXBUtil.marshal(userinfo);
        System.out.println(new String(b));
        userinfo = (Userinfo) JAXBUtil.unmarshal(b, Userinfo.class);
        System.out.println(userinfo.getOverinfos().get(0).getHobby());
    }
}

下面是上面main方法测试的输出结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<userinfo>
    <id>11</id>
    <overinfos>
        <overinfo>
            <hobby>陪女友</hobby>
        </overinfo>
        <overinfo>
            <hobby>写代码</hobby>
        </overinfo>
    </overinfos>
</userinfo>

下面是使用JAXBExportSchema 导出JAXB的 class的 结构

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<xs:schema version="1.0" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="userinfo" type="userinfo"/>
  <xs:complexType name="userinfo">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="id" type="xs:long" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="job" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="overinfos" minOccurs="0">
        <xs:complexType>
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="overinfo" type="overinfo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
      </xs:element>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="overinfo">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="hobby" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="beginDate" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:element name="endDate" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

 

posted @ 2018-06-11 13:40  如.若  阅读(407)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报