structs spring hibernate 三者之间有什么关系?
现在开发流行MVC模式,structs在C(控制器)中使用;hibernate在M(模型)中被使用;至于 spring ,最大的作用在于,structs、hibernate的对象,由于在各个层之间相互调用,自己维护不够效率、会产生疏漏,所以,spring 提供一个容器(IOC),structs、hibernate的对象交由spring管理即可。
另外,spring还有一个作用,AOP是切面编程,就是不同地方的相同代码,spring提取出来,进行统一的使用。
总之,spring就是把开发中共性的问题,抽取出来,统一的调用。
MVC中的V(视图),可以用JSP、structs、ExtJs、JQuery等框架或技术实现。
Structs+Spring+Hibernate,这是很经典的一个搭配,它的开发流程也比较程式化,下面以用户注册为例。
注册页面代码:
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%>
<html>
<head><title>Spring、Struts和Hibernate整合之用户注册</title></head>
<body>${msg}
<form name="user" action="/myHibernate/regedit.do" method="post">
用户名 <input type="text" name="username" value="${user.username}"/><br>
密 码 <input type="password" name="password" value="${user.password}"/><br>
<input type="submit" name="method" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head><title>Spring、Struts和Hibernate整合之用户注册</title></head>
<body>${msg}
<form name="user" action="/myHibernate/regedit.do" method="post">
用户名 <input type="text" name="username" value="${user.username}"/><br>
密 码 <input type="password" name="password" value="${user.password}"/><br>
<input type="submit" name="method" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
实体Bean类:
package com.myHibernate.bean;
public class User1 {
// 定义id
private String id = null;
//定义用户名
private String username = null;
//定义密码
private String password = null;
//设定id
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
//获取id
public String getId() {
return this.id;
}
//设定用户名
public void setUsername (String username) {
this.username = username;
}
//获取用户名
public String getUsername () {
return this.username;
}
//设定密码
public void setPassword (String password) {
this.password = password;
}
//获取密码
public String getPassword () {
return this.password;
}
}
public class User1 {
// 定义id
private String id = null;
//定义用户名
private String username = null;
//定义密码
private String password = null;
//设定id
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
//获取id
public String getId() {
return this.id;
}
//设定用户名
public void setUsername (String username) {
this.username = username;
}
//获取用户名
public String getUsername () {
return this.username;
}
//设定密码
public void setPassword (String password) {
this.password = password;
}
//获取密码
public String getPassword () {
return this.password;
}
}
对应的映射文件User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.myHibernate.bean">
<class name="User" table="user">
<!--定义id-->
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<!--定义用户名-->
<property name="username"/>
<!--定义密码-->
<property name="password"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.myHibernate.bean">
<class name="User" table="user">
<!--定义id-->
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<!--定义用户名-->
<property name="username"/>
<!--定义密码-->
<property name="password"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
用户DAO接口:
package com.myHibernate.dao;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public interface UserDAO {
//查询用户
public abstract User queryUser(String name);
//新增用户
public abstract void insertUser(User user);
//修改用户
public abstract void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
}
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public interface UserDAO {
//查询用户
public abstract User queryUser(String name);
//新增用户
public abstract void insertUser(User user);
//修改用户
public abstract void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
}
用户DAO接口实现类:
package com.myHibernate.dao.impl;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
public class UserDAOImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDAO{
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private String hql = "from User u where u.username = ?";
//查询用户
public User queryUser(String name) {
User user = null;
//如果查询结果为空
if (this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name) == null ) {
user = null;
} else {
//不为空时,取第一笔
user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name).get(0);
}
return user;
}
//新增用户
public void insertUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
}
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
public class UserDAOImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDAO{
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private String hql = "from User u where u.username = ?";
//查询用户
public User queryUser(String name) {
User user = null;
//如果查询结果为空
if (this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name) == null ) {
user = null;
} else {
//不为空时,取第一笔
user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name).get(0);
}
return user;
}
//新增用户
public void insertUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
}
注册的业务逻辑接口:
package com.myHibernate.domain;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public interface Regedit {
//保存用户
public abstract void saveUser(User user);
//修改用户
public abstract void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
//获取是否保存成功的消息
public abstract String getMsg();
}
注册的业务逻辑实现:
package com.myHibernate.domain.impl;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
public class RegeditImpl implements Regedit{
private String msg;
private UserDAO userDao;
//保存用户
public void saveUser(User user) {
userDao.insertUser(user);
msg = "保存成功";
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
userDao.updateUser(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
userDao.deleteUser(user);
}
//获取是否保存成功的消息
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
/**
* @返回userDao
*/
public UserDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
/**
* @注入userDao
*/
public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
public class RegeditImpl implements Regedit{
private String msg;
private UserDAO userDao;
//保存用户
public void saveUser(User user) {
userDao.insertUser(user);
msg = "保存成功";
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
userDao.updateUser(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
userDao.deleteUser(user);
}
//获取是否保存成功的消息
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
/**
* @返回userDao
*/
public UserDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
/**
* @注入userDao
*/
public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
用户注册控制器类:
package com.myHibernate.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//导入struts包
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
//继承action
public class RegeditAction extends Action {
//定义接口Regedit
private Regedit regedit;
//获取值
public Regedit getRegedit () {
return regedit;
}
//依赖注入值
public void setRegedit (Regedit regedit) {
this.regedit = regedit;
}
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//获取用户提交的信息
User user = (User)form;
//保存用户提交的信息
getRegedit().saveUser(user);
//将用户提交的信息和是否保存成功的信息存放在request中
request.setAttribute("user", user);
request.setAttribute("msg", regedit.getMsg());
//返回页面
return mapping.findForward("regedit");
}
}
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//导入struts包
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
//继承action
public class RegeditAction extends Action {
//定义接口Regedit
private Regedit regedit;
//获取值
public Regedit getRegedit () {
return regedit;
}
//依赖注入值
public void setRegedit (Regedit regedit) {
this.regedit = regedit;
}
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//获取用户提交的信息
User user = (User)form;
//保存用户提交的信息
getRegedit().saveUser(user);
//将用户提交的信息和是否保存成功的信息存放在request中
request.setAttribute("user", user);
request.setAttribute("msg", regedit.getMsg());
//返回页面
return mapping.findForward("regedit");
}
}
下面是配置文件方面,首先是Hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml,定义了访问数据库所需要的一些值:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/myHibernate/bean/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/myHibernate/bean/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
然后是Spring的配置文件spring-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!--定义数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<!--设定驱动-->
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<!--设定url-->
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</value>
</property>
<!--设定用户名-->
<property name="username">
<value>root</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--通过org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean建立联系-->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<!--定义要使用的映射文件-->
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com\myHibernate\bean\User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--定义要使用的方言和是否显示sql-->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--这里添加对事务处理的支持,当然也可以不用-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--表示要将下面定义的userDao置于事务处理之下-->
<bean id="userDaoProxy"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref bean="transactionManager" />
</property>
<!--要代理userDao-->
<property name="target">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
<!--定义不同情况下,事务处理的方式-->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="create*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="query*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义userDao-->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.myHibernate.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义regedit,将UserDAO进行注入-->
<bean id="regedit" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.RegeditImpl">
<property name="userDao">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义login,将UserDAO进行注入-->
<bean id="login" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.LoginImpl">
<property name="userDao">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义和Struts相应的映射,将regedit进行注入-->
<bean name="/regedit" class="com.myHibernate.action.RegeditAction">
<property name="regedit">
<ref bean="regedit"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义和Struts相应的映射,将login进行注入-->
<bean name="/login" class="com.myHibernate.action.LoginAction">
<property name="login">
<ref bean="login"/>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!--定义数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<!--设定驱动-->
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<!--设定url-->
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</value>
</property>
<!--设定用户名-->
<property name="username">
<value>root</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--通过org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean建立联系-->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<!--定义要使用的映射文件-->
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com\myHibernate\bean\User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--定义要使用的方言和是否显示sql-->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--这里添加对事务处理的支持,当然也可以不用-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--表示要将下面定义的userDao置于事务处理之下-->
<bean id="userDaoProxy"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref bean="transactionManager" />
</property>
<!--要代理userDao-->
<property name="target">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
<!--定义不同情况下,事务处理的方式-->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="create*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="query*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义userDao-->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.myHibernate.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义regedit,将UserDAO进行注入-->
<bean id="regedit" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.RegeditImpl">
<property name="userDao">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义login,将UserDAO进行注入-->
<bean id="login" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.LoginImpl">
<property name="userDao">
<ref local="userDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义和Struts相应的映射,将regedit进行注入-->
<bean name="/regedit" class="com.myHibernate.action.RegeditAction">
<property name="regedit">
<ref bean="regedit"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义和Struts相应的映射,将login进行注入-->
<bean name="/login" class="com.myHibernate.action.LoginAction">
<property name="login">
<ref bean="login"/>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
然后是Struts的配置文件struts-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config><!--定义formbean--><form-beans><form-bean name="user" type="com.myHibernate.bean.User"/></form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径-->
<action path="/regedit" type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user">
<forward name="regedit" path="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/>
</action>
<!--定义初次访问时的路径-->
<action path="/input"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
parameter="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/>
<!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径-->
<action path="/login"
type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user">
<forward name="login" path="/jsp/login.jsp"/>
</action>
<!--定义初次访问时的路径-->
<action path="/loginTemp"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
parameter="/jsp/login.jsp"/>
</action-mappings>
<!--注册ContextLoaderPlugIn插件-->
<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml" />
</plug-in>
</struts-config>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config><!--定义formbean--><form-beans><form-bean name="user" type="com.myHibernate.bean.User"/></form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径-->
<action path="/regedit" type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user">
<forward name="regedit" path="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/>
</action>
<!--定义初次访问时的路径-->
<action path="/input"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
parameter="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/>
<!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径-->
<action path="/login"
type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user">
<forward name="login" path="/jsp/login.jsp"/>
</action>
<!--定义初次访问时的路径-->
<action path="/loginTemp"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
parameter="/jsp/login.jsp"/>
</action-mappings>
<!--注册ContextLoaderPlugIn插件-->
<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml" />
</plug-in>
</struts-config>
最后是Web应用程序配置文件web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<!--初始参数-->
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--处理所有后缀为do的请求-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<!--初始参数-->
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--处理所有后缀为do的请求-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
可以看到,MVC的三层架构思路很清晰,但缺点也很明显,配置文件太过于冗杂,CRUD代码随处冗余,不够简约,下一篇文章中我们将见识到一个解决这个问题的优秀框架—SpringSide。
posted on 2014-02-13 07:38 Step-BY-Step 阅读(863) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报