MySQL所有的安装部署方式
目录
- 一.前言
- 二.关于MySQL的安装
- 三.部署规划
- 四.准备工具
- 五.通用二进制包安装MySQL
- 5.1 上传MySQL通用二进制安装包到node7的/usr/local/src目录下
- 5.2 解压MySQL到指定目录并改名
- 5.3 创建MySQL用户和用户组
- 5.4 配置MySQL的bin目录到PATH路径
- 5.5 创建MySQL数据存放目录
- 5.6 配置MySQL配置文件
- 5.7 初始化MySQL数据库
- 5.8 生成ssl（可选）
- 5.9 配置MySQL启动项并设置开机自启动
- 5.10 启动MySQL
- 5.11 进行MySQL安全初始化(可选)
- 5.12 修改密码，给用户赋权限（根据自己情况赋权限）
- 5.13 导入时区信息到MySQL库
- 5.14 查看MySQL版本信息
- 5.15 如果防火墙开着，则需要开放3306端口
- 5.16 利用logrotate对MySQL日志进行轮转(日志自动备份切割)
- 六.使用RPM包安装MySQL
- 七.使用yum安装MySQL
- 八.源码编译安装MySQL
- 九.参考文献
一.前言
linux安装软件的方式多种多样，MySQL也不例外，本文将介绍MySQL所有的安装方式。
二.关于MySQL的安装
MySQL一般可以采用四种安装方式，每种方式各有优点，使用场景各有不同：
- yum安装MySQL，优点：简单，方便，适用场景：可以访问网络的环境
- 离线源码编译安装MySQL，优点：可定制，适用性强，适用场景：无网络，需要定制MySQL，平台兼容性不强（内存最好大于4G不然编译会出现内存不足的报错）
- RPM包安装MySQL，优点：简单，方便，适用场景：redhat系统
- 通用二进制包安装MySQL，优点：简单，好维护，适用场景：大部分环境都适用(推荐)
三.部署规划
3.1 服务器规划
| 服务器 | 操作系统版本 | CPU架构 | MySQL安装方式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| node6 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 源码编译安装MySQL |
| node7 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 通用二进制包安装MySQL |
| node8 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | RPM包安装MySQL |
| node9 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | yum安装MySQL |
3.2 数据库目录规划
| 文件类型 | 文件部署位置 |
|---|---|
| 数据目录datadir | /data/data（/data目录请确保足够大） |
| 配置文件my.cnf | /etc/my.cnf |
| 错误日志log-error | /data/log/mysql_error.log |
| 二进制日志log-bin | /data/binlogs/mysql-bin(用于数据库恢复和主从复制，以及审计（audit）操作) |
| 慢查询日志slow_query_log_file | /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log |
| 套接字文件socket | /data/run/mysql.sock |
| 进程ID文件mysql.pid | /data/run/mysql.pid |
四.准备工具
1.MySQL通用二进制包:mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
2.MySQLRPM包:mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
3.MySQL源码包:mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
4.MySQL的Yum源:mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
或者mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
下载方法:wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
或者wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
五.通用二进制包安装MySQL
5.1 上传MySQL通用二进制安装包到node7的/usr/local/src目录下
[root@node7 src]# pwd
/usr/local/src
[root@node7 src]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
5.2 解压MySQL到指定目录并改名
[root@node7 src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node7 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin share src
[root@node7 local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
5.3 创建MySQL用户和用户组
[root@node7 local]# groupadd -g 1111 mysql
[root@node7 local]# useradd -g mysql -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node7 local]# id mysql #查看用户信息
uid=1111(mysql) gid=1111(mysql) groups=1111(mysql)
5.4 配置MySQL的bin目录到PATH路径
[root@node7 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# source /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# mysql #输入MySQL之后双击tab键，即可列出候选MySQL命令
mysql mysql_client_test_embedded mysqld-debug mysqldumpslow mysql_plugin mysqlslap mysql_upgrade
mysqladmin mysql_config mysqld_multi mysql_embedded mysqlpump mysql_ssl_rsa_setup mysqlxtest
mysqlbinlog mysql_config_editor mysqld_safe mysqlimport mysql_secure_installation mysqltest_embedded
mysqlcheck mysqld mysqldump mysql_install_db mysqlshow mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
5.5 创建MySQL数据存放目录
[root@node7 ~]# mkdir -p /data/{data,log,binlogs,run}
[root@node7 ~]# tree /data #如果没有tree命令，则yum -y install tree安装
/data
├── binlogs
├── data
├── log
└── run
4 directories, 0 files
[root@node7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data
[root@node7 ~]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 binlogs
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 run
5.6 配置MySQL配置文件
[root@node7 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node7 mysql]# touch /etc/my.cnf
#my.cnf配置文件详解，请查看我上一篇blog的#https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html的“MySQL配置文件优化参考”
[root@node7 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
server-id=1
5.7 初始化MySQL数据库
[root@node7 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
[root@node7 mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@node7 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log #查看MySQL初始化密码
2019-12-03T03:47:42.639938Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lhrh>J,p<8gw
5.8 生成ssl（可选）
#关于MySQL开启ssl查看https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/7061300.html
[root@node7 mysql]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................+++
.+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................+++
............................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................................................................+++
..............................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
#执行完成之后，会有在datadir目录生成*.pem文件
[root@node7 mysql]# ls /data/data/
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem sys
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-cert.pem
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 private_key.pem server-key.pem
5.9 配置MySQL启动项并设置开机自启动
5.9.1 centos6版本
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig mysql.server on
chkconfig --list
5.9.2 centos7版本
[root@node7 system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@node7 system]# touch mysqld.service
[root@node7 system]# vim mysqld.service
[root@node7 system]# cat mysqld.service
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
# systemd service file for MySQL forking server
#
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(5.7)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/data/run/mysql.pid
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Needed to create system tables
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
[root@node7 system]# systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载服务配置文件
[root@node7 system]# systemctl enable mysqld #设置MySQL开机自启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@node7 system]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld #查看MySQL开机自启动是否设置成功
enabled
5.10 启动MySQL
[root@node7 system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node7 system]# systemctl status mysqld #查看MySQL启动状态
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 14:42:14 CST; 9s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 2905 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2907 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─2907 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 03 14:42:13 node7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 03 14:42:14 node7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@node7 system]# ps -ef | grep mysql #查看MySQL进程
mysql 2907 1 2 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
root 2942 2576 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
5.11 进行MySQL安全初始化(可选)
[root@node7 system]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: #这里输入MySQL初始化时生成的密码（grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log）
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #输入新密码
Re-enter new password:
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n #y安装MySQL密码插件
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #y移除匿名用户
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n #是否允许root远程登录
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #是否移除test数据库
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #刷新权限表
Success.
All done!
5.12 修改密码，给用户赋权限（根据自己情况赋权限）
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456，如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，则说明密码设置太简单，如果想设置123456这样的简单密码，可在SQL中执行：
#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
#这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录，并拥有所有表的所有权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限，让修改立即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍
mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’;
权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。
当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示赋予用户全部权限。
当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替，表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。
用户地址可以是localhost，也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。
‘连接口令’不能为空，否则创建失败。
比如：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.13 导入时区信息到MySQL库
[root@node7 system]# mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql
#执行上述操作之后，time_zone，time_zone_leap_second，time_zone_name，time_zone_transition ，time_zone_transition_type表就有时区数据了
[root@node7 system]# mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| engine_cost |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| gtid_executed |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| server_cost |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5.14 查看MySQL版本信息
[root@node7 system]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
[root@node7 system]# mysqladmin version -uroot -p111111
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Server version 5.7.26-log
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /data/run/mysql.sock
Uptime: 31 min 53 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 8855 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 214 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 203 Queries per second avg: 4.628
5.15 如果防火墙开着，则需要开放3306端口
[root@node7 system]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 15:22:18 CST; 3s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 3343 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─3343 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Dec 03 15:22:17 node7 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'beyond-scope' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: beyond-scope: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'failed-policy' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: failed-policy: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignorin...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'reject-route' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: reject-route: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
#添加防火墙规则
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
success
#重新加载防火墙规则
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
#检查规则是否设置生效
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
yes
#列出防火墙所有开放的端口
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens33
sources:
services: ssh dhcpv6-client
ports: 3306/tcp
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
5.16 利用logrotate对MySQL日志进行轮转(日志自动备份切割)
#logrotate配置详解请查看：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-02/157099.htm
[root@node7 ~]# touch /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# vim /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cat /root/.my.cnf
[mysqladmin]
password=111111
user=root
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
# The log file name and location can be set in
# /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option
# in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as
# follows:
#
# [mysqld]
# log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
#
# In case the root user has a password, then you
# have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file
# with the following content:
#
# [mysqladmin]
# password = <secret>
# user= root
#
# where "<secret>" is the password.
#
# ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable
# _ONLY_ by root !
/data/log/mysql_*.log {
# create 600 mysql mysql
notifempty #当日志文件为空时，不进行轮转
daily #默认每一天执行一次rotate轮转工作
rotate 52 #保留多少个日志文件(轮转几次).默认保留四个.就是指定日志文件删除之前轮转的次数，0 指没有备份，此处表示保留52天的日志
missingok #如果日志文件丢失，不要显示错误
compress #通过gzip 压缩转储以后的日志
postrotate #执行的指令
# just if mysqld is really running
if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null
then
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs
fi
endscript
}
[root@node7 ~]#
[root@node7 ~]# logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate #强制进行日志轮转
reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
Allocating hash table for state file, size 15360 B
Handling 1 logs
rotating pattern: /data/log/mysql_*.log forced from command line (52 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
considering log /data/log/mysql_error.log
log needs rotating
considering log /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
log needs rotating
rotating log /data/log/mysql_error.log, log->rotateCount is 52
dateext suffix '-20191203'
glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'
renaming /data/log/mysql_error.log.52.gz to /data/log/mysql_error.log.53.gz
(t -- won't try to dispose of it
.................
renaming /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log to /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log.1
running postrotate script
compressing log with: /bin/gzip
[root@node7 ~]#
[root@node7 ~]# echo $?
0
#此时查看日志目录，发现日志已经进行轮转，并压缩
[root@node7 ~]# ls /data/log/
mysql_error.log mysql_error.log.1.gz mysql_slow_query.log mysql_slow_query.log.1.gz
自此，通用二进制包安装MySQL完毕。
六.使用RPM包安装MySQL
6.1 上传MySQL的RPM包到/usr/local/src目录下
[root@node8 local]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node8 src]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
6.2 安装RPM包
[root@node8 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm
warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
#出现上述错误说明：和mariadb-libs组件冲突，卸载mariadb-libs相关组件即可
[root@node8 src]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* #查看mariadb-libs相关的组件
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@node8 src]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 #卸载mariadb-libs组件
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
[root@node8 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm
warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 17%]
2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7################################# [ 33%]
3:mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 50%]
4:mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 67%]
5:mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el################################# [ 83%]
6:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
#此时RPM包安装完毕
6.3 启动MySQL，修改密码，为用户赋权
[root@node8 src]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@node8 src]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@node8 src]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-12-03T10:16:32.931929Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3yGgt,Eipr%z
[root@node8 src]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456，如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，则说明密码设置太简单，如果想设置123456这样的简单密码，可在SQL中执行：
#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
#这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录，并拥有所有表的所有权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限，让修改立即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍
mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’;
权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。
当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示赋予用户全部权限。
当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替，表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。
用户地址可以是localhost，也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。
‘连接口令’不能为空，否则创建失败。
比如：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
自此MySQL的RPM安装就完毕了，此方法自动生成/etc/my.cnf,查看配置文件可知道MySQL的日志目录和数据目录。
七.使用yum安装MySQL
7.1 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository
[root@node9 ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
--2019-12-03 23:23:44-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]
--2019-12-03 23:23:57-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]
--2019-12-03 23:24:00-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.29.107.217
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.29.107.217|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25548 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’
100%[================================================================================>] 25,548 21.5KB/s in 1.2s
2019-12-03 23:24:03 (21.5 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ saved [25548/25548]
-c: No such file or directory
No URLs found in -c.
FINISHED --2019-12-03 23:24:03--
Total wall clock time: 19s
Downloaded: 1 files, 25K in 1.2s (21.5 KB/s)
[root@node9 ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 30 k
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 30 k
Installed size: 30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1
Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1
Installed:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10
Complete!
7.2 安装MySQL-server
#yum安装MySQL会自动解决依赖，一条命令即可，但是需要网络访问权限
[root@node9 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
.....
Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7
Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
Complete!
7.3 启动MySQL，查看MySQL初始化密码
[root@node9 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-12-04 10:22:00 CST; 1min 22s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 15965 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 15947 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 15968 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─15968 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774472Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774677Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as ...ctory.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774897Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774962Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774980Z 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.775003Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.791933Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.792180Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: Version: '5.7.28' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Co... (GPL)
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@node9 ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log #查看MySQL初始化密码
2019-11-05T06:35:28.565529Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: T<&loC3=%t+Q
7.4 修改MySQL的root密码，并给用户赋权限
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456，如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，则说明密码设置太简单，如果想设置123456这样的简单密码，可在SQL中执行：
#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
#这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录，并拥有所有表的所有权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限，让修改立即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍
mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’;
权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。
当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示赋予用户全部权限。
当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替，表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。
用户地址可以是localhost，也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。
‘连接口令’不能为空，否则创建失败。
比如：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限，并设定口令为123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.5 卸载Yum Repository
#由于安装了Yum Repository，所以每次yum操作都会自动更新，需要把这个卸载掉
[root@node9 ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================================================
Removing:
mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 installed 30 k
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1
Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1
Removed:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10
Complete!
自此，yum安装MySQL完毕。
八.源码编译安装MySQL
源码编译安装MySQL可以查看我的上一篇博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html，在此不再赘述。
九.参考文献
致力于一条龙式的为您解决问题
