MQTT协议的简单介绍和服务器的安装

转:http://blog.csdn.net/djun100/article/details/25752491

  最近公司做的项目中有用到消息推送,经过多方面的筛选之后确定了使用MQTT协议,相对于XMPP,MQTT更加轻量级,并且占用用户很少的带宽。

MQTT是IBM推出的一种针对移动终端设备的基于TCP/IP的发布/预订协议,可以连接大量的远程传感器和控制设备。

  MQTT的官网见:http://mqtt.org/。其中http://mqtt.org/software里面提供了官方推荐的各种服务器和客户端使用的各种语言版本的API。

  下面以服务器Apollo 1.6为例,之前尝试过使用ActiveMQ,效果很不理想,只能实现服务器和客户端一对一的通信,从官网上了解到Apollo属于activemq的一个子工程。先不管这些了,言归正传,以下在windows环境下。

  1、在这里下载Apollo服务器,下载后解压,然后运行apache-apollo-1.6\bin\apollo.cmd,输入create mybroker(名字任意取,这里是根据官网介绍的来取的)创建服务器实例,服务器实例包含了所有的配置,运行时数据等,并且和一个服务器进程关联。

  2、create mybroker之后会在bin目录下生成mybroker文件夹,里面包含有很多信息,其中etc\apollo.xml文件下是配置服务器信息的文件,etc\users.properties文件包含连接MQTT服务器时用到的用户名和密码,后面会介绍,可以修改原始的admin=password,可以接着换行添加新的用户名密码。

  3、打开cmd,运行…apache-apollo-1.6\bin\mybroker\bin\apollo-broker.cmd run 开启服务器,可以在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:61680/查看是否安装成功,该界面展示了topic,连接数等很多信息。

  经过上面的简单步骤,服务器基本上就已经完成,下一篇将介绍Android客户端的编写和注意事项。

  客户端使用的API,开始我使用的是mqtt-client,使用过后发现问题百出,不能很好的满足要求,后来使用了官方推荐的Eclipse Paho,下面开始客户端代码的编写,为了方便测试这里有android和j2se两个工程:

  1、新建android工程MQTTClient

  2、MainActivity代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?

package ldw.mqttclient;

 

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

 

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

 

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.Handler;

import android.os.Message;

import android.view.KeyEvent;

import android.widget.TextView;

import android.widget.Toast;

 

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

 

       private TextView resultTv;

 

       private String host = "tcp://127.0.0.1:1883";

       private String userName = "admin";

       private String passWord = "password";

 

       private Handler handler;

 

       private MqttClient client;

 

       private String myTopic = "test/topic";

 

       private MqttConnectOptions options;

 

       private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;

 

       @Override

       protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

              super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

              setContentView(R.layout.main);

 

              resultTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);

 

              init();

 

              handler = new Handler() {

                     @Override

                     public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

                            super.handleMessage(msg);

                            if(msg.what == 1) {

                                   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String) msg.obj,

                                                 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                                   System.out.println("-----------------------------");

                            } else if(msg.what == 2) {

                                   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                                   try {

                                          client.subscribe(myTopic, 1);

                                   } catch (Exception e) {

                                          e.printStackTrace();

                                   }

                            } else if(msg.what == 3) {

                                   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接失败,系统正在重连", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                            }

                     }

              };

 

              startReconnect();

 

       }

 

       private void startReconnect() {

              scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();

              scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {

 

                     @Override

                     public void run() {

                            if(!client.isConnected()) {

                                   connect();

                            }

                     }

              }, 0 * 1000, 10 * 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

       }

 

       private void init() {

              try {

                       //host为主机名,test为clientid即连接MQTT的客户端ID,一般以客户端唯一标识符表示,MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存

                     client = new MqttClient(host, "test",

                                   new MemoryPersistence());

                       //MQTT的连接设置

                     options = new MqttConnectOptions();

                       //设置是否清空session,这里如果设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录,这里设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接

                     options.setCleanSession(true);

                       //设置连接的用户名

                     options.setUserName(userName);

                       //设置连接的密码

                     options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());

                     // 设置超时时间 单位为秒

                     options.setConnectionTimeout(10);

                     // 设置会话心跳时间 单位为秒 服务器会每隔1.5*20秒的时间向客户端发送个消息判断客户端是否在线,但这个方法并没有重连的机制

                     options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);

                        //设置回调

                     client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {

                                        //连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连

                                   System.out.println("connectionLost----------");

                            }

 

                            @Override

                            public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {

                                        //publish后会执行到这里

                                   System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------"

                                                 + token.isComplete());

                            }

 

                            @Override

                            public void messageArrived(String topicName, MqttMessage message)

                                          throws Exception {

                                        //subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面

                                   System.out.println("messageArrived----------");

                                   Message msg = new Message();

                                   msg.what = 1;

                                   msg.obj = topicName+"---"+message.toString();

                                   handler.sendMessage(msg);

                            }

                     });

//                   connect();

              } catch (Exception e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

       }

 

       private void connect() {

              new Thread(new Runnable() {

 

                     @Override

                     public void run() {

                            try {

                                   client.connect(options);

                                   Message msg = new Message();

                                   msg.what = 2;

                                   handler.sendMessage(msg);

                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                   e.printStackTrace();

                                   Message msg = new Message();

                                   msg.what = 3;

                                   handler.sendMessage(msg);

                            }

                     }

              }).start();

       }

 

       @Override

       public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {

              if(client != null && keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {

                     try {

                            client.disconnect();

                     } catch (Exception e) {

                            e.printStackTrace();

                     }

              }

              return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);

       }

 

       @Override

       protected void onDestroy() {

              super.onDestroy();

              try {

                     scheduler.shutdown();

                     client.disconnect();

              } catch (MqttException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

       }

}

  

  由于项目需要,我用到了心跳重连。根据这里的解释设置apollo.xml,主要有设置主机连接的地址。另外,options还有个setWill方法,如果项目中需要知道客户端是否掉线可以调用该方法。

  3、新建j2se工程MQTTServer

  4、Server代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?

import java.awt.Container;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

 

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

 

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttDeliveryToken;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttTopic;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

 

public class Server extends JFrame {

       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

       private JPanel panel;

       private JButton button;

 

       private MqttClient client;

       private String host = "tcp://127.0.0.1:1883";

//     private String host = "tcp://localhost:1883";

       private String userName = "test";

       private String passWord = "test";

       private MqttTopic topic;

       private MqttMessage message;

 

       private String myTopic = "test/topic";

 

       public Server() {

 

              try {

                     client = new MqttClient(host, "Server",

                                   new MemoryPersistence());

                     connect();

              } catch (Exception e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

 

              Container container = this.getContentPane();

              panel = new JPanel();

              button = new JButton("发布话题");

              button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

 

                     @Override

                     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

                            try {

                                   MqttDeliveryToken token = topic.publish(message);

                                   token.waitForCompletion();

                                   System.out.println(token.isComplete()+"========");

                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                   e.printStackTrace();

                            }

                     }

              });

              panel.add(button);

              container.add(panel, "North");

 

       }

 

       private void connect() {

 

              MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();

              options.setCleanSession(false);

              options.setUserName(userName);

              options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());

              // 设置超时时间

              options.setConnectionTimeout(10);

              // 设置会话心跳时间

              options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);

              try {

                     client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {

                                   System.out.println("connectionLost-----------");

                            }

 

                            @Override

                            public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {

                                   System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------"+token.isComplete());

                            }

 

                            @Override

                            public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage arg1)

                                          throws Exception {

                                   System.out.println("messageArrived----------");

 

                            }

                     });

 

                     topic = client.getTopic(myTopic);

 

                     message = new MqttMessage();

                     message.setQos(1);

                     message.setRetained(true);

                     System.out.println(message.isRetained()+"------ratained状态");

                     message.setPayload("eeeeeaaaaaawwwwww---".getBytes());

 

                     client.connect(options);

              } catch (Exception e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

 

       }

 

       public static void main(String[] args) {

              Server s = new Server();

              s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

              s.setSize(600, 370);

              s.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

              s.setVisible(true);

       }

}

  上面代码跟客户端的代码差不多,这里就不做解释了。

  没什么好说的,MQTT就是这么简单,但开始在使用的时候要注意一些参数的设置来适应项目的需求。

  jar包下载地址:https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho/org/eclipse/paho/mqtt-client/0.4.0/

  转自:http://www.longdw.com/mqtt-server-client-android/

posted @ 2014-11-09 12:54  挽风阁  阅读(677)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报