Linux 日常常用指令

 　　最近搞了一个阿里ECS，CentOS7，涉及到一些基本的Linux指令，在这里总结一下，在搭环境中常用的一些指令，熟悉这些指令就基本能够使用CentOS进行日常操作了。

　　 更多的可以参考系统自带的  “Cammand --help” ,很实用。

---

　　目录相关指令

 /*cd指令 
   *跳至到XX目录下，从Xshell远程登陆进去的目录是/root
   *cd .. 返回上一层目录
   */

[root@Lettiy ~]# cd /usr/local

/*ls
    显示当前目录下的所有文件
*/
[root@Lettiy local]# ls
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src

/*mkdir
　　新建，可以是目录，可以是文件
*/
[root@Lettiy ~]# mkdir mytest
[root@Lettiy ~]# ls
mytest
[root@Lettiy mytest]# mkdir text.txt
[root@Lettiy mytest]# ls
text.txt

　　文件处理指令（移动，删除，复制<cp 基本操作类似于mv>）

/*mv
    可用于改名、也可用于移动
*/

[root@Lettiy mytest]# mv text.txt newname.txt
[root@Lettiy mytest]# ls
newname.txt
[root@Lettiy mytest]# mv newname.txt newdir
[root@Lettiy mytest]# ls
newdir
[root@Lettiy mytest]# cd newdir
[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
newname.txt

/*rm
    用于删除文件
    普通删除文件用rm -f xx
    普通目录删除  rm -rf xx
    批量删除同一名字 rm -v xx*  （此处*类似于通配符）
*/

[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
new1  new2  new3  new4  newname.txt
[root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -f newname.txt
[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
new1  new2  new3  new4
[root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -rf new4.txt
[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
new1  new2.  new3
[root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -rf -v new*
removed directory: ‘new1’
removed directory: ‘new2’
removed directory: ‘new3’

     文件下载与解压

/*wget
    文件下载
    wget url即可
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.79/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz

--2017-08-13 23:35:56--  http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.79/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.hust.edu.cn (mirrors.hust.edu.cn)... 202.114.18.160
Connecting to mirrors.hust.edu.cn (mirrors.hust.edu.cn)|202.114.18.160|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 8975395 (8.6M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz

100%[================================================================================>] 8,975,395   19.3KB/s   in 4m 36s

2017-08-13 23:40:33 (31.8 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz’ saved [8975395/8975395]

/*tar
    对于tar.gz文件进行解压，解压为rpm文件再安装
    tar -zxvf  
*/

[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz
[root@Lettiy newdir]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/catalina.sh
apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/configtest.sh
apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/daemon.sh
apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/digest.sh
……
[root@Lettiy newdir]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.79  apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz

 文件安装与卸载 

CentOS集成了yum，可配置源（repository）进行安装

/*yum 安装/卸载
   yum install software
   yum remove software
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]#  yum install postgresql

/*查看yum可安装的软件包,可配合grep进行关键字查询，例如‘java’*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list
[root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list|grep 'java'

/*rpm
   刚刚解压tar得到的rpm文件则需要使用rpm
   安装rpm -ivh
   删除rpm -e
   查看已经安装rpm -qa
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# rpm -ivh software.rpm

　　文件更改/查看

/*文件查看
    cat指令、more指令、vi指令三者都可以实现查看
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then 
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset -f pathmunge

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20

/*vi
   vi directory
   如果目录下存在则打开
   如果不存在则新建一个空文件 
*/


如果要修改，进入按 I  ,即可进入insert模式，进行更改；
保存：先ESC，然后输入： 
wq:保存退出
q!:不保存退出


主要用于修改配置文件 ,例如：etc/proflie

　端口和进程监控常用

/*ps
   检测软件是否运行
   或查看正在运行的进程
   ps -ef|grep 'name' 
   例如：检测tomcat的运行状况
*/

[root@Lettiy newdir]# ps -ef|grep 'tomcat'
root     19785     1  0 Aug12 ?        00:01:05 /usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -classpath /usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     22647 22470  0 23:58 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

/*netstat
   netstat -tl  查看当前tcp监听端口
   netstat -tlp 查看当前tcp监听端口, 需要显示监听的程序名,当不清楚mysql的监听端口时比较好用
   netstat -tl | grep 34006
    只查看mysql的监听端口,当前启动的mysql端口为34006,明确知道mysql监听端口时使用
*/

 本地文件上传  

   需利用lrzsz
   yum install lrzsz
   然后使用rz sz即可上传下载。