YUM简单入门

1.制作YUM源
先关闭相关安全设置，安装vsftpd

[root@rhel7 ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=trusted  设置防火墙受信
[root@rhel7 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl start vsftpd  启动已经安装的vsftpd
[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
[root@rhel7 ~]# ls /var/ftp/  共享目录
pub

挂载到共享目录

[root@rhel7 ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/dvd
[root@rhel7 ~]# umount /mnt
[root@rhel7 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/dvd/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@rhel7 ~]# ls /var/ftp/dvd/
addons  GPL       LiveOS      release-notes            RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI     images    media.repo  repodata                 TRANS.TBL
EULA    isolinux  Packages    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
[root@rhel7 ~]# rm -rf /var/ftp/pub/

对新增的安装包目录生成包的元数据(把包中依赖关系统计)

createrepo -v 目录 (会在目录下生成一个repodata的原数据信息)

配置yum路径特性

[root@rhel7 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/file.repo
[dvd]
name=dvd
baseurl=ftp://192.168.56.133/dvd
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

生成yum

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum clean all
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum makecache

 

2.YUM命令简单使用
查询安装包

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum search vsftpd
vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum list vsftpd   可以知道包的安装情况
vsftpd.x86_64                                  3.0.2-9.el7                                  installe

清除提示信息

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum list subscript*
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager  #redhat系统是免费使用的,但是服务是收费的
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum remove subscript* -y

查找命令对应的安装包----常用

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum whatprovides */ifconfig   #*/是因为包安装完后,会放在各个不同目录下,这里是可能在那个目录下
net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : dvd
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig

要实现某个功能,这个功能是由很多个包组成

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum grouplist 
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Available environment groups:
   Minimal Install
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum grouplist virtual*
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Available environment groups:
   Virtualization Host
Done
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum groupinstall virtual* -y

禁用yum源

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum list ceph --disablerepo=ceph
[root@rhel7 ~]# yum list ceph --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=ceph 禁用所有源,只使用ceph

安装时设置下载包存放的路径(需要搭建本地源时,可以下载所有包)

[root@rhel7 ~]# yum install ceph -y --downloaddir=/opt --downonly #下载到/opt,只是下载

yum报错：Bad id for repo

“[centos - updates]”的格式不对，“centos”，“-”，“updates”之间是不允许存在空格的，删除即可。