nginx多虚拟主机优先级location匹配规则及tryfiles的使用
1.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问
2.location匹配优先级
3.try_files使用
4.nginx的alias和root区别
5.用什么方法传递用户的真实IP
1.相同server_name多个虚拟主机优先级访问
环境准备
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server01.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com;
location / {
root /opt/app/code1;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 404 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat server02.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com;
location / {
root /opt/app/code2;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 404 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# diff server01.conf server02.conf
3c3
< server_name server01 es.chinasoft.com;
---
> server_name server02 es.chinasoft.com;
6c6
< root /opt/app/code1;
---
> root /opt/app/code2;
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code1/index.html
<h1>server01</h1>
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code2/index.html
<h1>server02</h1>
测试
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html
<h1>server01</h1>
修改配置文件，重新加载nginx，再次测试发现访问server02了
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mv server01.conf server03.conf
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/index.html
<h1>server02</h1>
2.location匹配优先级
= 进行普通字符精确匹配，也就是完全匹配
^~ 表示普通字符匹配，使用前缀匹配
~ \~* 表示执行一个正则匹配()
环境准备：
nginx的配置
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat location_test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com;
root /opt/app;
location = /code1/ {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break;
}
location ~ /code.* {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /code3/index.html break;
}
location ^~ /code {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /code2/index.html break;
}
}
代码：
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# mkdir /opt/app/{code1,code2,code3}
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code1</h1>" >> /opt/app/code1/index.html
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code2</h1>" >> /opt/app/code2/index.html
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# echo "<h1>code3</h1>" >> /opt/app/code3/index.html
测试：
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/
<h1>server01</h1>
<h1>code1</h1>
注释掉code1部分
#location = /code1/ {
# rewrite ^(.*)$ /code1/index.html break;
#}
重新加载nginx，测试发现就匹配到了code2中
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/code1/
<h1>server02</h1>
<h1>code2</h1>
3.nginx中try_files的使用
环境准备：
nginx的配置
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat tryfiles_test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name testserver01 es.chinasoft.com;
root /opt/app;
location / {
root /opt/app/code/cache;
try_files $uri @java_page;
}
location @java_page {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090;
}
}
/opt/app/code/cache/目录下的html页面
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /opt/app/code/cache/jack.html
cache
tomcat下的html页面
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf conf.d]# cat /data/yunva/test_tomcat8.0.37_9090/webapps/ROOT/jack.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>server 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>java page</h1>
</body>
</html>
测试：
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html
cache
将/opt/app/code/cache目录下的html页面重命名，模拟页面不存在，可以看到再次访问就到了@java_page
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# pwd
/opt/app/code/cache
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# mv jack.html jack.html.bak
[root@test8_hadoop_kaf cache]# curl http://es.chinasoft.com/jack.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>server 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>java page</h1>
</body>
</html>
4.nginx的alias和root区别
Root会做拼接路径处理，alias就不拼接，而是直接访问alias目录下的文件
