centos6.7环境半虚拟化软件xen及xm配置工具使用详解
1、xen软件的安装及配置
环境准备：①操作系统：centos6.7(注意最好使用centos6.7，centos6.5无法使用xen的图形化界面创建操作系统)
②调整虚拟机配置，内存4G(推荐2G以上)
③增加xen安装yum源(系统自带的源没有包括xen软件)
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# vim xen4.repo
[xen4] name=Xen4 Project baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.7/xen4/x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 cost=300
# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile xen4 | 3.4 kB 00:00 xen4/primary_db | 166 kB 00:00 base | 2.9 kB 00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00 repo id repo name status xen4 Xen4 Project 263 base localyum 3,995 updates localyum 3,995 repolist: 8,253
安装xen虚拟机服务
# yum install -y xen
# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
加入kernel /xen.gz dom0_mem=1024M cpufreq=xen dom0_max_vcpus=2 dom0_vcpus_pin
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (3.18.21-16.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /xen.gz dom0_mem=1024M cpufreq=xen dom0_max_vcpus=2 dom0_vcpus_pin
module /vmlinuz-3.18.21-16.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node4-root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node4/root rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_node4/swap KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb
module /initramfs-3.18.21-16.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node4-root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node4/root rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_node4/swap KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
重新启动系统，启动xend服务，并验证服务是否正常启动
# service xend start Starting xend daemon: [ OK ] [root@node4 ~]# xm list WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated. Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1024 2 r----- 58.5 [root@node4 ~]# xl list Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1024 2 r----- 58.7 [root@node4 ~]# xl info host : node4.chinasoft.com release : 3.18.21-16.el6.x86_64 version : #1 SMP Sat Sep 26 01:24:19 UTC 2015 machine : x86_64 nr_cpus : 4 max_cpu_id : 63 nr_nodes : 1 cores_per_socket : 2 threads_per_core : 1 cpu_mhz : 2099 hw_caps : 1fabfbff:28100800:00000000:00007f00:f6ba2223:00000000:00000001:00000281 virt_caps : hvm total_memory : 4095 free_memory : 3022 sharing_freed_memory : 0 sharing_used_memory : 0 outstanding_claims : 0 free_cpus : 0 xen_major : 4 xen_minor : 4 xen_extra : .3-3.el6 xen_version : 4.4.3-3.el6 xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 xen_scheduler : credit xen_pagesize : 4096 platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000 xen_changeset : Wed Oct 21 16:18:30 2015 +0100 git:5418e02-dirty xen_commandline : dom0_mem=1024M cpufreq=xen dom0_max_vcpus=2 dom0_vcpus_pin cc_compiler : gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) cc_compile_by : mockbuild cc_compile_domain : centos.org cc_compile_date : Thu Oct 29 12:18:52 UTC 2015 xend_config_format : 4 [root@node4 ~]# xm info WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated. host : node4.chinasoft.com release : 3.18.21-16.el6.x86_64 version : #1 SMP Sat Sep 26 01:24:19 UTC 2015 machine : x86_64 nr_cpus : 4 nr_nodes : 1 cores_per_socket : 2 threads_per_core : 1 cpu_mhz : 2099 hw_caps : 1fabfbff:28100800:00000000:00007f00:f6ba2223:00000000:00000001:00000281 virt_caps : hvm total_memory : 4095 free_memory : 3022 free_cpus : 0 xen_major : 4 xen_minor : 4 xen_extra : .3-3.el6 xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 xen_scheduler : credit xen_pagesize : 4096 platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000 xen_changeset : Wed Oct 21 16:18:30 2015 +0100 git:5418e02-dirty xen_commandline : dom0_mem=1024M cpufreq=xen dom0_max_vcpus=2 dom0_vcpus_pin cc_compiler : gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) cc_compile_by : mockbuild cc_compile_domain : centos.org cc_compile_date : Thu Oct 29 12:18:52 UTC 2015 xend_config_format : 4
2、配置网络
安装桥接工具# yum install -y bridge-utils
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0
配置网桥设备
# cat ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.8.44 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.8.254 DNS1=192.168.8.251 IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no
# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no BOOTPROTO=none BRIDGE=br0 IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no 重启生效 # service network restart
# ifconfig
br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:D7:3A:10
inet addr:192.168.8.44 Bcast:192.168.8.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed7:3a10/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:520 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:47 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:32011 (31.2 KiB) TX bytes:5460 (5.3 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:D7:3A:10
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed7:3a10/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2198 errors:0 dropped:2 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:249888 (244.0 KiB) TX bytes:6922 (6.7 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c29d73a10 no eth0 # brctl stp br0 on # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c29d73a10 yes eth0
可以生成自动化脚本
#!/bin/bash
#
brctl addbr br0
ifconfig eth0 0 up
brctl addif br0 eth0
ifconfig br0 192.168.8.45/24 up
brctl stp br0 on
3、使用xm命令行工具配置添加虚拟机
获取linux启动文件# lftp http://192.168.8.42/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64/isolinux/
> mget vmlinuz initrd.img
准备启动文件
# cd /etc/xen/
将xm样例1作为模板
# cp xmexample1 centos6
# vim centos6
kernel = "/root/vmlinuz" ramdisk = "/root/initrd.img" memory = 1024 name = "centos6" vif = [ 'bridge=br0' ] disk = [ 'file:/xen/vm1/centos6.img,xvda,w' ] on_reboot = 'destroy' on_crash = 'restart'
# mkdir /xen/vm1 -pv # cd /xen/vm1 # dd if=/dev/zero of=centos6.img oflag=direct seek=102399 bs=1M count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00446458 s, 235 MB/s # ls -lh total 1.0M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100G May 1 00:46 centos6.img # cd /etc/xen # xm create -c centos6
#kernel = "/root/vmlinuz"
#ramdisk = "/root/initrd.img"
bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub" # 使用pygrub引导系统启动：
memory = 1024
name = "centos6"
vif = [ 'bridge=br0' ]
disk = [ 'file:/xen/vm1/centos6.img,xvda,w' ]
on_reboot = 'destroy'
通过命令连接到虚拟机centos6：
# xm console centos6
# ifconfig查看IP
修改IP，重启网络服务报错：Bringing up interface eth0: Device eth0 has different MAC address than expected, ignoring.
# ifconfig eth0查看的硬件地址和ifcfg-eth0里面的硬件地址不一致，修改为一致即可
安装vnc软件
# yum install -y tigervnc-server
使用命令创建vnc链接，并设置密码
# vncserver :1
可以看到
# ss -tnlp
windows安装vnc客户端可以连接到Linux主机中
# vim centos67
kernel = "/root/vmlinuz"
ramdisk = "/root/initrd.img"
vcpus=2
memory = 512
name = "centos6.7"
vif = [ 'bridge=br0' ]
disk = [ 'file:/xen/vm2/centos67.img,xvda,w' ]
on_reboot = 'destroy'
kernel="/root/vmlinuz"
ramdisk="/root/initrd.img"
vcpus=2
memory=512
name="centos6.7"
vif=['bridge=br0']
disk = ['file:/xen/vm2/centos67.qcow2,xvda,w']
vfb=['vnc=1,vnclisten=0.0.0.0']
on_reboot = 'destroy'
#on_crash = 'restart'
# mkdir -pv /xen/vm2
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o ? /xen/vm2/centos67.qcow2
Supported options:
size Virtual disk size
backing_file File name of a base image
backing_fmt Image format of the base image
encryption Encrypt the image
cluster_size qcow2 cluster size
preallocation Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=80G,preallocation=metadata /xen/vm2/centos6.qcow2
Formatting '/xen/vm2/centos67.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=128849018880 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 preallocation='metadata'
[root@localhost xen]# ll -h /xen/vm2
total 19M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121G May 17 10:23 centos67.qcow2
libvirt工具的使用
# yum install -y libvirt
# yum install -y virt-manager
# virt-manager &
报错：暂时无法找到解决方案
Unable to initialize GTK: could not open display
后面发现是xshell和xmanager环境的问题，重新安装即可
继续安装报错，估计是红帽对xen的支持不好，关于xen的研究和学习就告一段落：
Unable to complete install: 'internal error: unable to execute QEMU command 'qom-list': The command qom-list has not been found'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/asyncjob.py", line 44, in cb_wrapper
callback(asyncjob, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/create.py", line 1928, in do_install
guest.start_install(False, meter=meter)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtinst/Guest.py", line 1229, in start_install
noboot)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtinst/Guest.py", line 1297, in _create_guest
dom = self.conn.createLinux(start_xml or final_xml, 0)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/libvirt.py", line 3488, in createLinux
if ret is None:raise libvirtError('virDomainCreateLinux() failed', conn=self)
libvirtError: internal error: unable to execute QEMU command 'qom-list': The command qom-list has not been found
