使用apache和nginx代理实现tomcat负载均衡及集群配置详解
实验环境：
1、nginx的代理功能
nginx proxy:
eth0: 192.168.8.48
vmnet2 eth1: 192.168.10.10
tomcat server1:
vmnet2 eth0: 192.168.10.20
tomcat server2:
vmnet2 eth0: 192.168.10.30
# yum install -y nginx-1.8.1-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
location / {
root /web/htdocs;
index index.jsp index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.(jsp|do|action)$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.10.20;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|pdf|doc|rar|exe|zip|)$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.10.30;
}
2、apache的代理功能
①http方式的代理
# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/# vim mod_proxy.conf
加入如下内容：
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
ProxyPass / http://192.168.10.20/
ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.l0.20/
<Location />
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
</Location>
②ajp方式的代理
ProxyVia onProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.10.20/
ProxyPassReverse / ajp://192.168.l0.20/
<Location />
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
</Location>
②、配置apache基于mod_jk的负载均衡
a.安装apxs插件
# yum install -y httpd-devel
# tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native
# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs
# make && make install
配置相关文件
# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
# vim mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel notice
JkMount /* TomcatA
JkMount /status/ statA
# vim workers.properties
worker.list=TomcatA,statA
worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.ToccatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.10.20
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.statA.type=status
访问如下地址，可以看到tomcat server1的状态
http://192.168.8.48/status/
③使用mod_jk配置负载均衡服务器
配置代理服务器
# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
# cat mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel notice
JkMount /* lbcA
JkMount /status/ statA
# cat workers.properties
worker.list=lbcA,statA
worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.10.20
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.TomcatB.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatB.port=8009
worker.TomcatB.host=192.168.10.30
worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1
worker.lbcA.type=lb
worker.lbcA.sticky_session=1
worker.lbcA.balance_workers=TomcatA,TomcatB
worker.statA.type=status
配置后端tomcat
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
# mkdir testapp
# cd testapp/
# mkdir -pv WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF'
mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF/classes'
mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF/lib'
# vim index.jsp
TOMCATA服务器
index.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.chinasoft.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("chinasoft.com.com","chinasoft.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
TOMCATB服务器
index.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.chinasoft.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("chinasoft.com","chinasoft.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
测试是否OK
# curl http://192.168.10.20:8080/testapp/index.jsp
# curl http://192.168.10.30:8080/testapp/index.jsp
配置session会话绑定(会破坏负载均衡效果):
负载均衡，且实现会话绑定要注意给每个tomcat实例的egine容器一个jvmRoute属性！此名称要跟前端调度模块使用名称保持一致！
另外，在mod_proxy实现负载均衡的会话绑定时，还要使用sticksession=JSESSIONID（字符要大写）！
worker.properties:
worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1
在后端tomcat服务器server.xml文件中定义jvmRoute:
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
④.apache mod_proxy实现基于http的负载均衡配置：
# mv mod_jk.conf mod_jk.conf.bak
# mv mod_proxy.conf.bak mod_proxy.conf
# vim mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia on
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
<Proxy balancer://lb>
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://lb/
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
<Location />
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
</Location>
⑤.配置session会话的持久性
ProxyVia on
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
<Proxy balancer://lb>
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ stickysession=JSESSIONID
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
<Location />
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
</Location>
⑥.配置管理接口
ProxyVia onProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
<Proxy balancer://lb>
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</Proxy>
<Location /lbmanager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
</Location>
ProxyPass /lbmanager !
ProxyPass / balancer://lb/
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
<Location />
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
</Location>
访问：http://192.168.8.48/lbmanager，可以看到负载均衡的状态界面
集群配置：
负载均衡器：
192.168.10.10：# vim mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia on ProxyRequests off ProxyPreserveHost on <Proxy balancer://lb> BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB </Proxy> <Location /lbmanager> SetHandler balancer-manager </Location> ProxyPass /lbmanager ! ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/ <Location /> Order Allow,Deny Allow from all </Location>
192.168.10.20:
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.1.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="192.168.10.20"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>192.168.10.30：
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.1.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="192.168.10.30"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
并在各集群节点上添加路由信息：
route add -net 228.1.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
并在：
web.xml节点上添加：
<distributable/>
可以看到session id没有变化
