django入门到精通③template模板功能和常用标签过滤器的使用
1.创建环境
workon python37_django2 django-admin startproject template cd template python manage.py startapp app
2.模板的基本设置
项目下创建 templates 存放html模板的文件夹
创建模板文件
templates/index.html
{% load static %}
<html>
</html>
<h1> hello {{ name }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for item in array %}
<li>{{ item }} -- {{ forloop.counter0 }} -- {{ forloop.counter }} -- {{ forloop.revcounter }}
-- {{ forloop.revcounter0 }}
{% if forloop.first %}
is first
{% elif forloop.last %}
is last
{% endif %}
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>is empty</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<p>
<a href="{% url 'index' 'conan' %}">return</a>
</p>
{% static 'index.css' %}
templates/base.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> {% block head %} <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title> {% block css_style %} {% endblock %} {% endblock %} </head> <body> {% block content %} {% endblock %} {% block js_script %} {% endblock %} </body> </html>
django的settings.py 配置修改
TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', # 添加路径 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ]
引入 static/index.css
settings.py配置
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)
视图的创建
app/views.py
# encoding:utf-8 import datetime from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import View class Index(View): TEMPLATE = 'index.html' def get(self, request, name): data = {} data['name'] = name data['array'] = range(10) return render(request, self.TEMPLATE, data)
创建路由
app/urls.py
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ from django.urls import path from .views import Index urlpatterns = [ path('<str:name>',Index.as_view(), name = 'index') ]
总路由中引入
template/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from app import urls as app_urls urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', include(app_urls)) ]
测试
标签与过滤器的使用
视图中的示例：app/views.py
# encoding:utf-8 import datetime from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import View class Index(View): TEMPLATE = 'index01.html' def get(self, request, name): data = {} data['name'] = name data['array'] = range(10) # data['array'] = [] data['count'] = 20 data['time'] = datetime.datetime.now() data['cut_str'] = "hello-boy!" data['first_big'] = "hello django" # data['result'] = False # data['result'] = [] # data['result'] = None data['result'] = False data['dic_list'] = [{'name':'jack', 'age':30},{'name':'xiaoming','age':18}] data['float_num'] = 3.1415926 data['html_str'] = '<div style="background-color:red;width:50px;height:50px"></div>' data['a_str'] = '请看 www.baidu.com' data['feature'] = data['time'] + datetime.timedelta(days=5) return render(request, self.TEMPLATE, data)
模板示例 templates/index.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% load myfilter %}
{% block css_style %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'index.css' %}" />
{% endblock %}
{% block title %}
test
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>hello {{ name }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for item in array %}
<li>{{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<br />
<label>add : </label>{{ count|add:10 }}<br/>
<label>date: </label>{{ time|date:"Y-m-d H:i:s" }}<br/>
<label>cut : </label>{{ cut_str|cut:"-" }}<br/>
<label>capfirst : </label>{{ first_big|capfirst }}<br/>
<label>default:</label>{{ default|default:"空列表" }}<br/>
<label>default_if_none:</label>{{ result|default_if_none:"none才是空" }}<br/>
<lable>dictsort:</lable>{{ dic_list|dictsort:'age' }}<br/>
<label>dictsortreversed:</label>{{ dic_list|dictsortreversed:'age' }}
<label>first:</label>{{ dic_list|first }}<br/>
<lable>last:</lable>{{ dic_list|last }}<br/>
<lable>floatformat: </lable>{{ float_num|floatformat:4 }}<br/>
<label>join: </label>{{ array|join:"-" }}<br/>
<lable>length: </lable>{{ dic_list|length }}<br/>
<lable>divisibleby: </lable>{{ count|divisibleby:3 }}<br/>
<label>length_is: </label>{{ dic_list|length_is:2 }}<br/>
<lable>html_str: </lable>{{ html_str|safe }}<br/>
<lable>random: </lable>{{ dic_list|random }}<br/>
<label>slice:</label>{{ html_str|slice:":8" }}<br/>
<lable>slugify:</lable>{{ html_str|slugify }}<br/>
<lable>upper:</lable>{{ html_str|upper }}<br/>
<label>urlize : </label>{{ a_str|urlize }}<br/>
<label>wordcount: </label>{{ a_str|wordcount }}<br/>
<label>timeutils: </label>{{ feature|timeuntil }}<br/>
<label>custom: </label>{{ count|test:10 }}
{% endblock %}
显示效果
自定义过滤器的使用：
app/templatetags/myfilter.py
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ # __author__ == 'jack' # __date__ == '2020-12-30 9:53 PM' from django import template register = template.Library() @register.filter def test(value, args): return value * args
使用： 将数字乘以 10 返回结果
<label>custom: </label>{{ count|test:10 }}
