nginx 的 content阶段的root指令与alias指令

root 与alias指令

Syntax: alias path;
Default: —
Context: location
 
 
Syntax: root path;
Default: root html; 
Context: http, server, location, if in location

　功能：将URI映射为文件路径，以静态文件返回

差别：root 会将完整的URI映射进文件路径中；alias只会将location后面的文件映射进location中

示例

server {
    server_name root.com;
    error_log logs/root_error.log info;
    access_log logs/root.log main;
    location /root {
        root html; #表示映射本地html/root
    }
    location /alias {
        alias html; #访问root.com/alias 命中本地/data/web/html
    }
    location ~ /root/(\w+\.txt) {
        root html/first/$1;#访问这个root.com/root/1.txt,命中本地的/data/web/html/first/1.txt/root/1.txt
    }
    location ~ /alias/(\w+\.txt) {
        alias html/first/$1; # 访问这个curl root.com/alias/1.txt，命中本地的/data/web/html/first/1.txt
    }
}

　日志

[root@python vhast]# curl root.com/root
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl root.com/root/1.txt
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl root.com/alias
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl root.com/alias/1.txt
first
 
 
 
 
日志
192.168.183.4 - - [10/Jul/2019:16:25:01 +0800] "GET /root HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-" "/root" "-" "/data/web/html" "/data/web/html/root"
192.168.183.4 - - [10/Jul/2019:16:30:16 +0800] "GET /root/1.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-" "/root/1.txt" "-" "/data/web/html/first/1.txt" "/data/web/html/first/1.txt/root/1.txt"
192.168.183.4 - - [10/Jul/2019:16:31:51 +0800] "GET /alias HTTP/1.1" 301 169 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-" "/alias" "-" "/data/web/html" "/data/web/html"
192.168.183.4 - - [10/Jul/2019:16:32:09 +0800] "GET /alias/1.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 6 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-" "/alias/1.txt" "-" "/data/web/html/first/1.txt" "/data/web/html/first/1.txt

　　三个变量

request_filename ：待访问文件的完整路径

document_root ：由URI和root/alis规则生成的文件夹路径

realpath_root：将document_root中的软连接等换成真实路径

[root@python vhast]# cat root.conf 
server {
    server_name root.com;
    error_log logs/root_error.log info;
    access_log logs/root.log main;
    location /root {
        root html; #表示映射本地html/root
    }
    location /alias {
        alias html; #访问root.com/alias 命中本地/data/web/html
    }
    location ~ /root/(\w+\.txt) {
        root html/first/$1;#访问这个root.com/root/1.txt,命中本地的/data/web/html/first/1.txt/root/1.txt
    }
    location ~ /alias/(\w+\.txt) {
        alias html/first/$1; # 访问这个curl root.com/alias/1.txt，命中本地的/data/web/html/first/1.txt
    }
    location /RealPath/ {
        alias html/realpath/;
        return 200 "$request_filename:$document_root:$realpath_root!\n";
    }
}