nginx的http模块

html的页面

[root@python html]# echo first > first/1.txt
[root@python html]# echo second  > second/1.txt
[root@python html]# echo third  > second/1.txt
[root@python html]# echo second  > second/1.txt
[root@python html]# echo third  > third/1.txt

url地址重写

rewrite模块：rewrite指令

sysntax : rewrite regex replacement [flag];

Default: -

Context: server,location,if

功能：

将regex指定的URL替换成replacement这个新的url可以使用正则表达式

当replacement以http://或者https://或$schema开头，则直接返回302重定向

替换后的url根据flag指定的方式进行处理

last:用replacement这个url进行新的location匹配

break:break指令是停止当前脚本指令的执行，等价于独立的break指令

redirect：返回302重定向（临时重定向）

permanent：返回301重定向（永久重定向）

server {
        server_name haha.com;
        listen 8080;
        error_page 404 /403.html;
        #return 405;
        location /{
                #return 404 "find nothing!\n";
        }
    root html/;
    location /first {
        rewrite /first(.*) /second$1 last;  
        return 200 1first!\n';
        }
    location /second {
        #rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 break;
        rewrite /second(.*) /third$1;
        return 200 'second!\n';
        }
    location /third {
        return 200 'third!\n';
    }
}

　　测试

1 2	`[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com:8080/first/1.txt` `second!`

　　修改配置

[root@python vhast]# cat test.conf 
server {
        server_name haha.com;
        listen 8080;
        error_page 404 /403.html;
        #return 405;
        location /{
                #return 404 "find nothing!\n";
        }
    root html/;#到这里找请求的资源
    location /first {
        rewrite /first(.*) /second$1 last;
        return 200 1first!\n';
        }
    location /second {
        rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 break;  表示跳出指令块后
        #rewrite /second(.*) /third$1;
        return 200 'second!\n';
        }
    location /third {
        return 200 'third!\n';
    }
}

　　测试

1 2	`[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com:8080/first/1.txt` `third`

　　修改配置

server {
        server_name haha.com;
        listen 8080;
        error_page 404 /403.html;
        #return 405;
        location /{
                #return 404 "find nothing!\n";
        }
        root html/;
        location /first {
                rewrite /first(.*) /second$1 last;
                return 200 1first!\n';
                }
        location /second {
                #rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 break;
                rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 last;  # 用替换后的继续匹配
                return 200 'second!\n';
                }
        location /third {
                return 200 'third!\n';  # 匹配到这个资源
        }
}

　　测试

1 2	`[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com:8080/first/1.txt` `third!`

　　修改配置

server {
        server_name haha.com;
        #listen 8080;
        error_page 404 /403.html;
        #return 405;
        location /{
                #return 404 "find nothing!\n";
        }
        root html/;
        location /first {
                rewrite /first(.*) /second$1 last;
                return 200 1first!\n';
                }
        location /second {
                #rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 break;
                rewrite /second(.*) /third$1 last;
                return 200 'second!\n';
                }
        location /third {
                return 200 'third!\n';
        }
        location /redirect1 {
                rewrite /redirect1(.*) $1 permanent; #301
        }
        location /redirect2 {
                rewrite /redirect2(.*) $1 redirect; #302
        }
        location /redirect3 {
                rewrite /redirect3(.*) http://haha.com:$1;  #302；继承上一个
        }
        location /redirect4 {
                rewrite /redirect4(.*) http://haha.com:$1 permanent; #301
        }
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com/redirect1
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com/redirect2
<html>
<head><title>302 Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>302 Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com/redirect3
<html>
<head><title>302 Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>302 Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@python vhast]# curl haha.com/redirect4
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>