docker 的实践操作

查看版本信息

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker  version 
Client:
 Version:           18.09.6
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        481bc77156
 Built:             Sat May  4 02:34:58 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.7
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       2d0083d
  Built:            Thu Jun 27 17:26:28 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

　　查看帮助

Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:  最新版本命令分组
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

　　查看docker信息；https://www.cnblogs.com/rdchenxi/p/10674479.html 存储驱动相关信息

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker info
Containers: 0   所有容器
 Running: 0   运行状态的容器
 Paused: 0 暂停状态
 Stopped: 0 停止状态
Images: 0   容器镜像的个数
Server Version: 18.09.7 版本
Storage Driver: overlay2   存储驱动
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 3.683GiB
Name: k8s-1
ID: JIYY:UFEX:ANGL:JOPR:VKFT:V6HG:LRY7:KWUY:36KV:JSAK:U7QY:54YF
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
 http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

　　搜索镜像

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        11654               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1623                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   724                                     [OK]
bitnami/nginx                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      68                                      [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   65                                      
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   48                                      [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes         20                                      
nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   17                                      [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   17                                      [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        16                                      [OK]
crunchgeek/nginx-pagespeed        Nginx with PageSpeed + GEO IP + VTS + more_s…   13                                      
blacklabelops/nginx               Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          12                                      [OK]
centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   11                                      
centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   9                                       
webdevops/nginx                   Nginx container                                 8                                       [OK]
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  7                                       
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   5                                       [OK]
1science/nginx                    Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp…   4                                       [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter                       4                                       
mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            3                                       [OK]
travix/nginx                      NGinx reverse proxy                             2                                       [OK]
pebbletech/nginx-proxy            nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin…   2                                       [OK]
wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   0                                       [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          0                                       [OK]
centos/nginx-110-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building …   0                                       

　　下载镜像操作

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker pull centos # 镜像下载
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8ba884070f61: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:ca58fe458b8d94bc6e3072f1cfbd334855858e05e1fd633aa07cf7f82b048e66
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image pull tomcat #镜像下载
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
6f2f362378c5: Pull complete 
494c27a8a6b8: Pull complete 
7596bb83081b: Pull complete 
372744b62d49: Pull complete 
fb72767f9beb: Pull complete 
3fe571af508a: Pull complete 
3e6725074325: Pull complete 
9ffd5dadda90: Pull complete 
846896c59095: Pull complete 
cfe9a252095d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:fdc521aa1113dc07e386fa55e69670b76130a7d9490094acd52e9d4f4218e9e1
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest

　　查看本机镜像

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              7123ec940c88        2 days ago          510MB
nginx               latest              f68d6e55e065        4 days ago          109MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              7123ec940c88        2 days ago          510MB
nginx               latest              f68d6e55e065        4 days ago          109MB
centos              latest              9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB

　　删除镜像

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image rm centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:ca58fe458b8d94bc6e3072f1cfbd334855858e05e1fd633aa07cf7f82b048e66
Deleted: sha256:9f38484d220fa527b1fb19747638497179500a1bed8bf0498eb788229229e6e1
Deleted: sha256:d69483a6face4499acb974449d1303591fcbb5cdce5420f36f8a6607bda11854
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker rmi  nginx:latest 
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:3abaed99ee6cb6140cb10110422cf1ece83c49ad63f7c27708994fceda565e80
Deleted: sha256:f68d6e55e06520f152403e6d96d0de5c9790a89b4cfc99f4626f68146fa1dbdc
Deleted: sha256:1b0c768769e2bb66e74a205317ba531473781a78b77feef8ea6fd7be7f4044e1
Deleted: sha256:34138fb60020a180e512485fb96fd42e286fb0d86cf1fa2506b11ff6b945b03f
Deleted: sha256:cf5b3c6798f77b1f78bf4e297b27cfa5b6caa982f04caeb5de7d13c255fd7a1e
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              7123ec940c88        2 days ago          510MB

　　容器的操作

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker container 

Usage:	docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

　　查看本机容器

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

　　启动一个容器

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker run --name b1 -it busybox  # 交互进入
/ # 

       　　

查看本机docker网络

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
62a3329169cf        bridge              bridge              local
fe7f27a4396a        host                host                local
d72117fcea57        none                null                local

　　查看容器日志

[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker container logs nginx