网络配置文件详解

网卡配置文件

ONBOOT：在系统引导时是否激活此设备
TYPE：接口类型；常见有的Ethernet, Bridge
BOOTPROTO：值为none（表示手动设置IP地址）
UUID：设备的惟一标识
IPADDR：指明IP地址
NETMASK：子网掩码或者PREFIX24
GATEWAY: 默认网关
DNS1：第一个DNS服务器指向
DNS2：第二个DNS服务器指向
USERCTL：普通用户是否可控制此设备
PEERDNS：如果BOOTPROTO的值为“dhcp”，是否允许
dhcp server分配的dns服务器指向信息直接覆盖至

添加别名网卡地址

[root@mail ~]# ifconfig eth0:1 10.50.50.12/24
[root@mail ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:8B:16:7F  
          inet addr:192.168.10.36  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:167f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:430542 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11685 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:32514707 (31.0 MiB)  TX bytes:734729 (717.5 KiB)
 
eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:8B:16:7F  
          inet addr:10.50.50.12  Bcast:10.50.50.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
 
[root@mail ~]# ifconfig eth0:1 down
[root@mail ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:8B:16:7F  
          inet addr:192.168.10.36  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:167f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:430670 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:32524535 (31.0 MiB)  TX bytes:739041 (721.7 KiB)
 
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

多网卡绑定一个IPbonding

Mode 0 (balance-rr)：轮转（Round-robin）策略：从头到尾顺序的在每一个slave接口上面发送数据包。本模式提供负载均衡和容错的能力

Mode 1 (active-backup)：活动-备份（主备）策略：只有一个slave被激活，当且仅当活动的slave接口失败时才会激活其他slave。为了避免交换机发生混乱此时绑定的MAC地址只有一个外部端口上可见

Mode 3(broadcast)：广播策略：在所有的slave接口上传送所有的报文提供容错

[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.10.37
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.10.2
BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"模式为1模式
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=985636c1-f56c-40fb-b4c0-ff18e376fb22
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
 
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
[root@mail network-scripts]# service network restart
[root@mail ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.37/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global bond0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:167f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看bond状态信息

[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
 
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth0
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
 
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f
Slave queue ID: 0
 
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:89
Slave queue ID: 0

　　切换3模式

[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 
 
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.10.37
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.10.2
BONDING_OPTS="mode=3 miimon=100"
[root@mail ~]# service network restart
正在关闭接口 bond0：                                       [确定]
关闭环回接口：                                             [确定]
弹出环回接口：                                             [确定]
弹出界面 bond0： Determining if ip address 192.168.10.37 is already in use for device bond0...
 
  [root@mail ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.37/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global bond0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:167f/64 scope link tentative dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
                                                         [确定]
[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
 
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (broadcast)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
 
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f
Slave queue ID: 0
 
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:89
Slave queue ID: 0
[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
 
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (broadcast)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
 
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f
Slave queue ID: 0
 
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8b:16:89
Slave queue ID: 0

　　查看ping

[root@mast ~]# ping 192.168.10.37
PING 192.168.10.37 (192.168.10.37) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=9.46 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=9.50 ms (DUP!)
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.808 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.863 ms (DUP!)
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.538 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.37: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.583 ms (DUP!)

　　删除bond操作

[root@mail ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@mail network-scripts]# rm -rf ifcfg-bond0 
[root@mail network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=985636c1-f56c-40fb-b4c0-ff18e376fb22
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=00:0C:29:8B:16:7F
IPADDR=192.168.10.36
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.10.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
 
[root@mail network-scripts]# service network restart
正在关闭接口 eth0：                                        [确定]
关闭环回接口：                                             [确定]
弹出环回接口：                                             [确定]
弹出界面 eth0： Determining if ip address 192.168.10.36 is already in use for device eth0...
                                                           [确定]
[root@mail network-scripts]# ifconfig bond0 down
[root@mail network-scripts]# lsmod | grep bond
bonding               132885  0 
[root@mail network-scripts]# rmmod bonding  卸载模块

centos 7 网络相关设置

修改网卡的命名/etc/grub2.cfg 添加net.ifnames=0；重启

[root@mast network-scripts]# diff /etc/grub2.cfg /etc/grub2.cfg.bakl 
100c100
<    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8  net.ifnames=0
---
>    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8  

　　主机名修改

[root@mast ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname chenxi && exec bash
[root@chenxi ~]#  hostname
chenxi

　　查看网卡配置文件链接

[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens33       c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33  
有线连接 1  f311a268-c621-31f7-b511-c49148f85f08  ethernet  ens37  

　　修改配置文件的名字

[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection modify 有线连接\ 1 connection.id ens37
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens33  c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33  
ens37  f311a268-c621-31f7-b511-c49148f85f08  ethernet  ens37 

　　添加网络配置文件

[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection add con-name chenxi-1 type ethernet ifname ens33 
连接“chenxi-1”(36fb46d4-3306-4f65-be1d-90d26e6c82b2) 已成功添加。
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME      UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens33     c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33  
ens37     f311a268-c621-31f7-b511-c49148f85f08  ethernet  ens37  
chenxi-1  36fb46d4-3306-4f65-be1d-90d26e6c82b2  ethernet  --   
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection modify chenxi-1 connection.autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 192.168.10.40/24 ipv4.method manual ipv4.gateway 192.168.10.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
[root@chenxi ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-chenxi-1 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=chenxi-1
UUID=36fb46d4-3306-4f65-be1d-90d26e6c82b2
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.10.40
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.10.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection up chenxi-1 
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME      UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
chenxi-1  36fb46d4-3306-4f65-be1d-90d26e6c82b2  ethernet  ens33  
ens37     f311a268-c621-31f7-b511-c49148f85f08  ethernet  ens37  
ens33     c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  --     
[root@chenxi ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.40/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::1af5:4cf9:3e47:4bd7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.133/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens37
       valid_lft 1196sec preferred_lft 1196sec
    inet6 fe80::24a2:2585:2b12:e5ab/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

　　网桥设置

[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection add type bridge con-name br0 ifname br0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.10.51/24
连接“br0”(f05c3652-50f0-4dbb-a6cd-b82d51832a74) 已成功添加。
[root@chenxi ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.40/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::1af5:4cf9:3e47:4bd7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.133/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens37
       valid_lft 1251sec preferred_lft 1251sec
    inet6 fe80::24a2:2585:2b12:e5ab/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: br0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether ba:0d:53:8d:da:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.51/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection add type bridge-slave ifname ens37 master br0
连接“bridge-slave-ens37”(67f5427f-a911-4135-bb96-0ad46061f6ec) 已成功添加。
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection add type bridge-slave ifname ens33 master br0
连接“bridge-slave-ens33”(06ffd910-b441-4ac5-aa1c-eef4da302836) 已成功添加。
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
br0                 f05c3652-50f0-4dbb-a6cd-b82d51832a74  bridge    br0    
chenxi-1            36fb46d4-3306-4f65-be1d-90d26e6c82b2  ethernet  ens33  
ens37               f311a268-c621-31f7-b511-c49148f85f08  ethernet  ens37  
bridge-slave-ens33  06ffd910-b441-4ac5-aa1c-eef4da302836  ethernet  --     
bridge-slave-ens37  67f5427f-a911-4135-bb96-0ad46061f6ec  ethernet  --     
ens33               c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  --   
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection up bridge-slave-ens37 
连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5）
[root@chenxi ~]# nmcli connection up bridge-slave-ens33 
连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6）
[root@chenxi ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.51/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::68de:39ed:8be:e421/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever