docker 镜像管理操作

镜像特点

1. 分层存储的文件

2.一个软件运行环境

3.一个镜像可以创建多个容器

4.一种标准交付

5.不包含Linux内核而又精简的Linux操作系统

6.不是一个单一的文件而是由多层构成的，可以通过docker history 镜像名字查看镜像里各层级内容及大小，每层都对应一个dockerfile中一个指令，镜像默认存储的路径/var/lib/docker/

[root@mast ~]# docker history nginx:latest 
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
f09fe80eb0e7        11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon…   0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM           0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx…   22B                 
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c set -x  && apt-get update  && apt…   53.9MB              
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=1.15.8.0.…   0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.15.8-…   0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do…   0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B                  
<missing>           11 days ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:5a6d066ba71fb0a47…   55.3MB   

　　镜像搜索

[root@mast ~]# docker search  tomcat
NAME                                       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
tomcat                                     Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2283                [OK]                
tomee                                      Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   61                  [OK]                
dordoka/tomcat                             Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   52                                      [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat                   Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 with…   34                                      [OK]
bitnami/tomcat                             Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     27                                      [OK]
cloudesire/tomcat                          Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            14                                      [OK]
aallam/tomcat-mysql                        Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              11                                      [OK]
tutum/tomcat                               Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicatio…   11                                      
meirwa/spring-boot-tomcat-mysql-app        a sample spring-boot app using tomcat and My…   11                                      [OK]
jeanblanchard/tomcat                       Minimal Docker image with Apache Tomcat         8                                       
arm32v7/tomcat                             Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   6                                       
maluuba/tomcat7-java8                      Tomcat7 with java8.                             3                                       
rightctrl/tomcat                           CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl…   3                                       [OK]
fabric8/tomcat-8                           Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image                          2                                       [OK]
arm64v8/tomcat                             Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                                       
amd64/tomcat                               Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                                       
99taxis/tomcat7                            Tomcat7                                         1                                       [OK]
camptocamp/tomcat-logback                  Docker image for tomcat with logback integra…   1                                       [OK]
1and1internet/debian-9-java-8-tomcat-8.5   Our tomcat 8.5 image                            0                                       [OK]
s390x/tomcat                               Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   0                                       
picoded/tomcat7                            tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAGER…   0                                       [OK]
oobsri/tomcat8                             Testing CI Jobs with different names.           0                                       
cfje/tomcat-resource                       Tomcat Concourse Resource                       0                                       
jelastic/tomcat                            An image of the Tomcat Java application serv…   0                                       
swisstopo/service-print-tomcat             backend tomcat for service-print "the true, …   0                                       

　　镜像加速器配置

参考 https://www.daocloud.io/mirror

Linux
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
该脚本可以将 --registry-mirror 加入到你的 Docker 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 中。适用于 Ubuntu14.04、Debian、CentOS6 、CentOS7、Fedora、Arch Linux、openSUSE Leap 42.1，其他版本可能有细微不同。更多详情请访问文档。
 
macOS
Docker For Mac
 
右键点击桌面顶栏的 docker 图标，选择 Preferences ，在 Daemon 标签（Docker 17.03 之前版本为 Advanced 标签）下的 Registry mirrors 列表中加入下面的镜像地址:
 
http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
点击 Apply & Restart 按钮使设置生效。
 
Docker Toolbox 等配置方法请参考帮助文档。
 
Windows
Docker For Windows
 
在桌面右下角状态栏中右键 docker 图标，修改在 Docker Daemon 标签页中的 json ，把下面的地址:
 
http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
加到" registry-mirrors"的数组里。点击 Apply 。

　　镜像操作命令

[root@mast ~]# docker pull redis   容器下载
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
6ae821421a7d: Already exists 
e3717477b42d: Pull complete 
8e70bf6cc2e6: Pull complete 
0f84ab76ce60: Pull complete 
0903bdecada2: Pull complete 
492876061fbd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:dd5b84ce536dffdcab79024f4df5485d010affa09e6c399b215e199a0dca38c4
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
[root@mast ~]# docker search mysql 镜像搜索 
NAME                                                   DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                                                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   7824                [OK]                
mariadb                                                MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   2584                [OK]                
mysql/mysql-server                                     Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   590                                     [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql                             Zabbix Server with MySQL database support       167                                     [OK]
hypriot/rpi-mysql                                      RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql          106                                     
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi…   91                                      [OK]
centurylink/mysql                                      Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   60                                      [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          49                                      [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7                                MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   47                                      
mysql/mysql-cluster                                    Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   41                                      
tutum/mysql                                            Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   31                                      
bitnami/mysql                                          Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      25                                      [OK]
schickling/mysql-backup-s3                             Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   24                                      [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql                              Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support        20                                      [OK]
linuxserver/mysql                                      A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   20                                      
centos/mysql-56-centos7                                MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   12                                      
circleci/mysql                                         MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10                                      
mysql/mysql-router                                     MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   8                                       
openshift/mysql-55-centos7                             DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6                                       
dsteinkopf/backup-all-mysql                            backup all DBs in a mysql server                5                                       [OK]
openzipkin/zipkin-mysql                                Mirror of https://quay.io/repository/openzip…   2                                       
jelastic/mysql                                         An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1                                       
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb                        An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                0                                       [OK]
cloudposse/mysql                                       Improved `mysql` service with support for `m…   0                                       [OK]
cloudfoundry/cf-mysql-ci                               Image used in CI of cf-mysql-release            0
查看系统容器镜像
[root@mast ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               latest              0f55cf3661e9        12 days ago         95MB
nginx               latest              f09fe80eb0e7        12 days ago         109MB
centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        2 months ago        202MB
删除镜像
[root@mast ~]#  docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:dd2d0ac3fff2f007d99e033b64854be0941e19a2ad51f174d9240dda20d9f534
Deleted: sha256:f09fe80eb0e75e97b04b9dfb065ac3fda37a8fac0161f42fca1e6fe4d0977c80
Deleted: sha256:355e42205f69706706acf084bc2ed484ea5c034a8861b5bcebb7d8bf141fd686
Deleted: sha256:70cc0be2e302cca187cfadaaf528005d004bec56d46ae890a8a06bdd96768ef1
                                       
查看运行的容器
[root@mast ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
805df72012c8        nginx               "/bin/sh"           24 hours ago        Up 24 hours         80/tcp              cranky_kapitsa
查看所有容器
[root@mast ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
805df72012c8        nginx               "/bin/sh"           24 hours ago        Up 24 hours               80/tcp              cranky_kapitsa
ef5bddd4dd05        centos              "/bin/bash"         25 hours ago        Exited (0) 24 hours ago 
删除停止的容器
[root@mast ~]# docker rm ef5bddd4dd05
ef5bddd4dd05
[root@mast ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
805df72012c8        nginx               "/bin/sh"           24 hours ago        Up 24 hours         80/tcp              cranky_kapitsa
删除正在运行的容器
[root@mast ~]# docker rm -f  805df72012c8 
805df72012c8
[root@mast ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

　　镜像导出为文件操作

[root@mast ~]# docker image save nginx > web.tar
[root@mast ~]# du -sh web.tar 
108M    web.tar
[root@mast ~]# docker image load < web.tar 
Loaded image: nginx:latest