drf之接口规范

web接口

# 请求工具:postman => https://www.getpostman.com/

# 接口:url链接,通过向链接发生不同的类型请求与数据得到相应的响应数据

# http://127.0.0.1:8888/test/
# https://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search

RESTful规范

# REST: 表征性状态转移(Representational State Transfer)
# RESTful规范:web数据请求接口设计规范

'''
1)通常使用https请求
2)域名:有api关键字出现
	-- https://api.example.com  (存在跨域问题)
	-- https://example.com/api
3)版本:不同版本需要标注
	-- https://example.com/api/v1 | -- https://example.com/api/1
	-- https://example.com/api/v2 | -- https://example.com/api/2
4)资源:请求的目标数据称之为资源,资源一般都有名词复数表示
	-- https://example.com/api/v1/books  (之前不规范的案例: /get_books/)
5)操作方式:不从请求链接体现操作方式,从请求方式上决定操作方式
	-- get:https://example.com/api/v1/books  获取所有
	-- post:https://example.com/api/v1/books  新增一本
	-- put:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  更新id=1的一本
	-- patch:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  更新id=1的一本
	-- delete:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  删除id=1的一本
6)资源过滤:通过接口传递参数来过滤资源
	-- https://example.com/api/v1/books?limit=10  限制10条
7)状态码:返回数据要标准状态码,通过在数据中 {"status": 200}
	-- SUCCESS(0, "查询成功")
	-- NODATA(1, "非正确,无数据,显示基本信息")
	-- FEAILED(2, "查询失败")
8)错误信息:请求失败需要标注错误信息  {"message": "请求参数不合法"}
9)操作结果:请求操作成功的返回结果 {"results": []}
	-- get:返回资源列表 | 返回单一资源
	-- post:返回单一新增资源
	-- put:返回更新的资源
	-- patch:返回更新的资源
	-- delete:返回空文档
10)子资源返回资源接口:返回的资源如果有子资源,返回子资源的链接地址,如查找书,书的封面图片就可以url表示
'''

drf简易书写TESTful规范接口

# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()),
    url(r'^books/', views.books),
    url(r'^book/(?P<id>\d+)/', views.book),
]
# 视图层
from django.http import JsonResponse
book_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': '红楼梦'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '水浒传'}]
def books(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        if 'ak' not in request.GET:
            return JsonResponse({
                'status': '101',
                'msg': 'ak不存在'
            }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
        ak = request.GET.get('ak')
        if ak != '123abc':
            return JsonResponse({
                'status': '200',
                'msg': 'ak非法'
            }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
        return JsonResponse({
                'status': '0',
                'msg': 'ok',
                'results': book_list
            }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        id = len(book_list) + 1
        book = {'id': id, 'name': name}
        book_list.append(book)
        return JsonResponse({
            'status': '0',
            'msg': 'ok',
            'results': book
        }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})

CBV源码分析

# 视图层
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class CBVTest(View):
    # 通过调度(dispatch)分发请求
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pass
        super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        pass

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'cbv.html')

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('cbv post method')
<!-- 模板层 -->
<form action="/cbv/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="usr">
    <button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()),
]

drf安装与使用

# 1)安装drf:pip3 install djangorestframework
# 2)settings.py注册app:INSTALLED_APPS = [..., 'rest_framework']
# 3)基于cbv完成满足RSSTful规范的接口
# 视图层
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
user_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Bob'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Tom'}]
class Users(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({
            'status': 0,
            'msg': 'ok',
            'results': user_list
        })
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # request对formdata,urlencoded,json三个格式参数均能解析
        name = request.data.get('name')
        id = len(user_list) + 1
        user = {'id': id, 'name': name}
        user_list.append(user)
        return Response({
            'status': '0',
            'msg': 'ok',
            'results': user
        })
# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^users/', views.Users.as_view()),
]

request源码分析

# as_view()
	# 核心走了父类as_view
	view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
    # 返回的是局部禁用csrf认证的view视图函数
    return csrf_exempt(view)
    
# dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 二次封装request对象
	request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
    # 自定义request规则
    self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
# initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 原生request封装在request._request
    
# initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
	# 认证
	self.perform_authentication(request)
    # 权限
    self.check_permissions(request)
    # 频率
    self.check_throttles(request)
posted @ 2019-12-03 21:04  raynduan  阅读(332)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报