Web Api 2 认证与授权 2

HTTP Message Handler

Web Api 2 认证与授权 中讲解了几种实现机制,本篇就详细讲解 Message Handler 的实现方式

关于 Message Handler 在 request 到 response 过程所处于的位置,可以参考这里 HTTP Message Handlers

 

Authentication Message Handler

先看一段实现的代码,然后再做讲解,完整代码可以在 Github 上参考,WebApi2.Authentication

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Net;
 3 using System.Net.Http;
 4 using System.Security.Claims;
 5 using System.Threading;
 6 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 7 // WebPrint.Framework reference https://github.com/LeafDuan/WebPrint/tree/master/WebPrint.Framework
 8 using WebPrint.Framework;
 9 
10 namespace Server.Helper
11 {
12     // references
13     // http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/630986/Cross-Platform-Authentication-With-ASP-NET-Web-API
14     // http://dgandalf.github.io/WebApiTokenAuthBootstrap/
15     public class AuthenticationMessageHandler : DelegatingHandler
16     {
17         protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request,
18             CancellationToken cancellationToken)
19         {
20             if (request.Headers.Authorization == null)
21             {
22                 var reply = request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, "Missing authorization token.");
23                 
24                 return Task.FromResult(reply);
25             }
26 
27             try
28             {
29                 var encryptedToken = request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter;
30                 var token = Token.Decrypt(encryptedToken);
31                 //bool isValidUser
32                 var isIpMathes = token.ClientIp.EqualTo(request.GetClinetIp());
33 
34                 if (!isIpMathes)
35                 {
36                     var reply = request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, "Invalid authorization token");
37                     return Task.FromResult(reply);
38                 }
39 
40                 var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(new[]
41                 {
42                     new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, token.UserId.ToString())
43                 }, "Basic"));
44 
45                 // authorize attribute 
46                 request.GetRequestContext().Principal = principal;
47             }
48             catch (Exception ex)
49             {
50                 var reply = request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, ex.Message);
51                 return Task.FromResult(reply);
52             }
53 
54             return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
55         }
56     }
57 }

实现也是很简单,通过继承 DelegatingHandler 重写 SendAsync 方法实现,整个流程需要的步骤如下:

1 登录,通过 api/auth 接收登录信息,验证后生成一个 token

2 每次请求判断  request.Headers.Authorization 参数,看是否携带 token (Http Client 将步骤 1 中的 token 设置到 request.Headers.Authorization)

3 解析 token,设置请求上下文的 Principal 用于 Authorize 属性使用

基本过程就差不多这三部曲,其中关于 token 的验证,如是否超时,是否重复,可自行想办法去实现

 

Web Api Config

大家都知道 Message Handler 在 pipeline 里是在 controller 之前运行,因此请求所有的 Api Controller 都会先执行 handler,因此针对登录,需要给予额外的照顾,允许匿名访问,实现方法:handler 可以是全局的,也可以是 per router 的,因此此处通过后一种方式实现:

 1 using System.Linq;
 2 using System.Net.Http.Formatting;
 3 using System.Web.Http;
 4 using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher;
 5 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 6 using Server.Helper;
 7 
 8 namespace Server
 9 {
10     public static class WebApiConfig
11     {
12         public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
13         {
14             config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
15 
16             config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
17                 name: "Authentication",
18                 routeTemplate: "api/auth",
19                 defaults: new {controller = "account"}
20                 );
21 
22             config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
23                 name: "DefaultApi",
24                 routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
25                 defaults: new {id = RouteParameter.Optional},
26                 constraints: null,
27                 handler: new AuthenticationMessageHandler {InnerHandler = new HttpControllerDispatcher(config)}
28                 );
29 
30             var jsonFormatter = config.Formatters.OfType<JsonMediaTypeFormatter>().First();
31 
32             jsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
33             jsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.ContractResolver = new NHibernateContractResolver();
34         }
35     }
36 }

 

总结

最近匆匆忙忙使用托管在 Owin Self Host 上的 Web Api 2,遇到问题颇多,很多也是匆匆忙忙解决的,这里也就匆匆忙忙做一个分享。

 

posted @ 2014-06-23 16:23  Leaf.Duan  阅读(1829)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报