75. Sort Colors
75. Sort Colors
题目
Given an array with n objects colored red, white or blue, sort them so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white and blue.
Here, we will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red, white, and blue respectively.
Note:
You are not suppose to use the library's sort function for this problem.
Follow up:
A rather straight forward solution is a two-pass algorithm using counting sort.
First, iterate the array counting number of 0's, 1's, and 2's, then
overwrite array with total number of 0's, then 1's and followed by 2's.
Could you come up with an one-pass algorithm using only constant space?
解析
设置两个index,left记录第一个1的位置,left左边为0,right记录第一个非2的位置,right右边为2.
然后使用i从头到尾扫一遍,直到与right相遇。
i遇到0就换到左边去,遇到2就换到右边去,遇到1就跳过。
需要注意的是:由于left记录第一个1的位置,因此A[left]与A[i]交换后,A[left]为0,A[i]为1,因此i++;
而right记录第一个非2的位置,可能为0或1,因此A[right]与A[i]交换后,A[right]为2,A[i]为0或1,i不能前进,要后续判断。
// 75. Sort Colors class Solution_75 { public: void sortColors(vector<int>& nums) { if (nums.size()<=1) { return; } int left = 0, right = nums.size() - 1; // //记录右边第一个非2的元素 for (int i = 0; i <= right;i++) { if (nums[i]==0) { swap(nums[i],nums[left]); left++; //记录左边第一个非0的元素 }else if (nums[i]==2) { swap(nums[i],nums[right]); //交换的数可能是0、1,需要重新判断,i不能++ --i; right--; } } return; } void sortColors(int A[], int n) { //vector<int> vec(A, A + n); //传值没有出去 //sortColors(vec); int *nums = A; if (n <= 1) { return; } int left = 0, right = n - 1; // //记录右边第一个非2的元素 for (int i = 0; i <= right; i++) { if (nums[i] == 0) { swap(nums[i], nums[left]); left++; //记录左边第一个非0的元素 } else if (nums[i] == 2) { swap(nums[i], nums[right]); //交换的数可能是0、1,需要重新判断,i不能++ --i; right--; } } return; } };