matlab 画图技巧

• 基本画图工具：matlab 画图中线型及颜色设置

• matlab中坐标轴设置技巧

**Matlab中的坐标轴设置技巧**
  
axisoff;      %去掉坐标轴 
axistight;     %紧坐标轴 
axisequal;     %等比坐标轴 
axis([-0.1, 8.1, -1.1, 1.1]);   % 坐标轴的显示范围 
x = -pi/2:0.01:pi;  
plot(x,sin(x))            % 先绘制个基本图形 
% gca: gca, h=figure(...); 
set(gca, 'XLim',[-pi/2pi]);     % X轴的数据显示范围 
set(gca,'XTick',[-pi/2:pi/4:pi]);   % X轴的记号点  
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'-pi/2' '-pi/4:' '0' 'pi/4' 'pi/2' 'pi*3/4''pi'})   % X轴的记号 
set(gca,'XGrid','on');                                        % X轴的网格 
set(gca,'XDir','reverse');                                        % 逆转X轴 
set(gca,'XColor','red');                                        % X轴的颜色 
set(gac,'Xscale','log')                                              % x轴以log 形式显示 xlim(min,max)  
 
matlab画图设置图片大小以及线宽和字号命令,该文章讲述了matlab画图设置图片大小以及线宽和字号命令. 
set(gcf,'Units','centimeters','Position',[1010 7 5]);     %设置图片大小为7cm×5cm 
%get hanlde to current axis返回当前图形的当前坐标轴的句柄, 
%(the first element is the relative distance of the axes to the left edge ofthe figure,... 
%the second the vertical distance from the bottom, and then the width andheight; 
set(gca,'Position',[.13 .17 .80 .74]);        %设置xy轴在图片中占的比例 
set(get(gca,'XLabel'),'FontSize',8);             %图上文字为8 point或小5号 
set(get(gca,'YLabel'),'FontSize',8);            
set(get(gca,'TITLE'),'FontSize',8); 
set(gca,'fontsize',8); 
set(gca,'linewidth',0.5); %坐标线粗0.5磅 
set(gca,'box','off');%Controls the box around the plotting area 
set(get(gca,'Children'),'linewidth',1.5);%设置图中线宽1.5磅 

• 设计图
  

• 代码

%%  普通的实现
%clear all;
% x=[8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,4096];
% y=[0.525,0.725,0.855,0.93,0.938,0.92,0.91,0.90,0.88];
% plot(x,y);
% xlabel('the number of reduced dimension')
% ylabel('mean average precision')
% axis([0 4100 0.5 1])
% %set(gca,'xticklabel',{'8','16','32','64','128','256','512','1024','4096'})

%% 技巧改进
clear all;
close all
x1={'8','16','32','64','128','256','512','1024','2048','4096'};
x=1:10;
y=[0.525,0.725,0.855,0.93,0.938,0.92,0.91,0.90,0.89,0.88];
figure
set(gcf,'color','w')
plot(x,y,'r.-','linewidth',2);
set(gca,'xticklabel',x1)
xlabel('the number of reduced dimension')
ylabel('mean average precision')
axis([0.5 10.5 0.5 1]) %左右留点余地
%设置网格线的线型，使用gridlinestyle属性，默认为虚线，可以改为实线
%axes('GridLineStyle', '-')
grid on
set(gca, 'GridLineStyle' ,'-')

set(gca,'xtick',[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10]);
%set(gca,'XGrid','on');
%set(gca,'XTickMode','manual','XTick',[1,4,8,128,512,4096])
hold on
plot(x,y,'b.','markersize',20);
debug=1;

%saveas(gcf, 'E:\myfigure', 'eps') %保存为矢量图

%% 设计思路
% figure;
% clc;
% clear all;
% x = [1,5,13,30,48,77,100,142];  
% ind=1:length(x);  
% y1 =[1.3,2.1,3.6,4.7,7.8,8.0,8.3,8.1];  
% y2 =[0.9,1.8,5.6,6.4,8.5,9.8,9.3,9.9];  
%   
% plot(ind,y1,'s-',ind,y2,'s-');  
% set(gca,'XTick',ind);  
% set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'1','5','13','30','48','77','','142'});  

%)坐标轴的标尺属性:'Xtick','Ytick','Ztick'
%------ 标度的位置,值为向量'Xticklabel','Yticklabel','Zticklabel'
%------ 轴上标度的符号,它的值为与标度位置向量同样大
%用'xtick'属性设置x轴 刻度的位置
%用'xticklabel'来指定刻度的值,

• 结果

• 还有几个细节没有解决