C++实现ping功能
今天接到需求要实现ping的功能,然后网上查了一些资料,对网络编程的一些函数熟悉了一下,虽然还有一些细节不清楚,但是慢慢积累。
要实现这样的功能:
基础知识
ping的过程是向目的IP发送一个type=8的ICMP响应请求报文,目标主机收到这个报文之后,会向源IP(发送方,我)回复一个type=0的ICMP响应应答报文。
那上面的字节、往访时间、TTL之类的信息又是从哪来的呢?这取决于IP和ICMP的头部。
IP头部:
头部内容有点多,我们关心的只有以下几个:
IHL:首部长度。因为IP的头部不是定长的,所以需要这个信息进行IP包的解析,从而找到Data字段的起始点。
另外注意这个IHL是以4个字节为单位的,所以首部实际长度是IHL*4字节。
Time to Live:生存时间,这个就是TTL了。
Data:这部分是IP包的数据,也就是ICMP的报文内容。
ICMP响应请求/应答报文头部:
Type:类型,type=8表示响应请求报文,type=0表示响应应答报文。
Code:代码,与type组合,表示具体的信息,参考这里。
Checksum:检验和,这个是整个ICMP报文的检验和,包括Type、Code、...、Data。
Identifier:标识符,这个一般填入本进程的标识符。
Sequence Number:序号
Data:数据部分
上面是标准的ICMP报文,一般而言,统计ping的往返时间的做法是,在ICMP报文的Data区域写入4个字节的时间戳。
在收到应答报文时,取出这个时间戳与当前的时间对比即可。
Ping程序实现步骤
- 创建类型为SOCK_RAW的一个套接字,同时设定协议IPPROTO_ICMP。
- 创建并初始化ICMP头。
- 调用sendto或WSASendto,将ICMP请求发给远程主机。
- 调用recvfrom或WSARecvfrom,以接收任何ICMP响应。
ping.h
#pragma once //在默认windows.h会包含winsock.h,当你包含winsock2.h就会冲突,因此在包含windows.h前需要定义一个宏,#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN ;去除winsock.h //要么将#include <winsock2.h>放在#include<windows.h>前面或者直接去掉#include<windows.h> #include <winsock2.h> #pragma comment(lib, "WS2_32") // 链接到WS2_32.lib #define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32 #define ECHO_REQUEST 8 #define ECHO_REPLY 0 struct IPHeader { BYTE m_byVerHLen; //4位版本+4位首部长度 BYTE m_byTOS; //服务类型 USHORT m_usTotalLen; //总长度 USHORT m_usID; //标识 USHORT m_usFlagFragOffset; //3位标志+13位片偏移 BYTE m_byTTL; //TTL BYTE m_byProtocol; //协议 USHORT m_usHChecksum; //首部检验和 ULONG m_ulSrcIP; //源IP地址 ULONG m_ulDestIP; //目的IP地址 }; struct ICMPHeader { BYTE m_byType; //类型 BYTE m_byCode; //代码 USHORT m_usChecksum; //检验和 USHORT m_usID; //标识符 USHORT m_usSeq; //序号 ULONG m_ulTimeStamp; //时间戳(非标准ICMP头部) }; struct PingReply { USHORT m_usSeq; DWORD m_dwRoundTripTime; DWORD m_dwBytes; DWORD m_dwTTL; }; class CPing { public: CPing(); ~CPing(); BOOL Ping(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply = NULL, DWORD dwTimeout = 2000); BOOL Ping(char *szDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply = NULL, DWORD dwTimeout = 2000); private: BOOL PingCore(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout); USHORT CalCheckSum(USHORT *pBuffer, int nSize); ULONG GetTickCountCalibrate(); private: SOCKET m_sockRaw; WSAEVENT m_event; USHORT m_usCurrentProcID; char *m_szICMPData; BOOL m_bIsInitSucc; private: static USHORT s_usPacketSeq; };
ping.cpp
#include "ping.h" #include <iostream> USHORT CPing::s_usPacketSeq = 0; CPing::CPing() :m_szICMPData(NULL),m_bIsInitSucc(FALSE) { WSADATA WSAData; //WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &WSAData); if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 1), &WSAData) != 0) { /*如果初始化不成功则报错,GetLastError()返回发生的错误信息*/ printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError()); return; } m_event = WSACreateEvent(); m_usCurrentProcID = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId(); //setsockopt(m_sockRaw); /*if ((m_sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, 0)) != SOCKET_ERROR) { WSAEventSelect(m_sockRaw, m_event, FD_READ); m_bIsInitSucc = TRUE; m_szICMPData = (char*)malloc(DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader)); if (m_szICMPData == NULL) { m_bIsInitSucc = FALSE; } }*/ m_sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, 0); if (m_sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET) { std::cerr << "WSASocket() failed:" << WSAGetLastError ()<< std::endl; //10013 以一种访问权限不允许的方式做了一个访问套接字的尝试。 } else { WSAEventSelect(m_sockRaw, m_event, FD_READ); m_bIsInitSucc = TRUE; m_szICMPData = (char*)malloc(DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader)); if (m_szICMPData == NULL) { m_bIsInitSucc = FALSE; } } } CPing::~CPing() { WSACleanup(); if (NULL != m_szICMPData) { free(m_szICMPData); m_szICMPData = NULL; } } BOOL CPing::Ping(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout) { return PingCore(dwDestIP, pPingReply, dwTimeout); } BOOL CPing::Ping(char *szDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout) { if (NULL != szDestIP) { return PingCore(inet_addr(szDestIP), pPingReply, dwTimeout); } return FALSE; } BOOL CPing::PingCore(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout) { //判断初始化是否成功 if (!m_bIsInitSucc) { return FALSE; } //配置SOCKET sockaddr_in sockaddrDest; sockaddrDest.sin_family = AF_INET; sockaddrDest.sin_addr.s_addr = dwDestIP; int nSockaddrDestSize = sizeof(sockaddrDest); //构建ICMP包 int nICMPDataSize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader); ULONG ulSendTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate(); USHORT usSeq = ++s_usPacketSeq; memset(m_szICMPData, 0, nICMPDataSize); ICMPHeader *pICMPHeader = (ICMPHeader*)m_szICMPData; pICMPHeader->m_byType = ECHO_REQUEST; pICMPHeader->m_byCode = 0; pICMPHeader->m_usID = m_usCurrentProcID; pICMPHeader->m_usSeq = usSeq; pICMPHeader->m_ulTimeStamp = ulSendTimestamp; pICMPHeader->m_usChecksum = CalCheckSum((USHORT*)m_szICMPData, nICMPDataSize); //发送ICMP报文 if (sendto(m_sockRaw, m_szICMPData, nICMPDataSize, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddrDest, nSockaddrDestSize) == SOCKET_ERROR) { return FALSE; } //判断是否需要接收相应报文 if (pPingReply == NULL) { return TRUE; } char recvbuf[256] = { "\0" }; while (TRUE) { //接收响应报文 if (WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1, &m_event, FALSE, 100, FALSE) != WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT) { WSANETWORKEVENTS netEvent; WSAEnumNetworkEvents(m_sockRaw, m_event, &netEvent); if (netEvent.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ) { ULONG nRecvTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate(); int nPacketSize = recvfrom(m_sockRaw, recvbuf, 256, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddrDest, &nSockaddrDestSize); if (nPacketSize != SOCKET_ERROR) { IPHeader *pIPHeader = (IPHeader*)recvbuf; USHORT usIPHeaderLen = (USHORT)((pIPHeader->m_byVerHLen & 0x0f) * 4); ICMPHeader *pICMPHeader = (ICMPHeader*)(recvbuf + usIPHeaderLen); if (pICMPHeader->m_usID == m_usCurrentProcID //是当前进程发出的报文 && pICMPHeader->m_byType == ECHO_REPLY //是ICMP响应报文 && pICMPHeader->m_usSeq == usSeq //是本次请求报文的响应报文 ) { pPingReply->m_usSeq = usSeq; pPingReply->m_dwRoundTripTime = nRecvTimestamp - pICMPHeader->m_ulTimeStamp; pPingReply->m_dwBytes = nPacketSize - usIPHeaderLen - sizeof(ICMPHeader); pPingReply->m_dwTTL = pIPHeader->m_byTTL; return TRUE; } } } } //超时 if (GetTickCountCalibrate() - ulSendTimestamp >= dwTimeout) { return FALSE; } } } USHORT CPing::CalCheckSum(USHORT *pBuffer, int nSize) { unsigned long ulCheckSum = 0; while (nSize > 1) { ulCheckSum += *pBuffer++; nSize -= sizeof(USHORT); } if (nSize) { ulCheckSum += *(UCHAR*)pBuffer; } ulCheckSum = (ulCheckSum >> 16) + (ulCheckSum & 0xffff); ulCheckSum += (ulCheckSum >> 16); return (USHORT)(~ulCheckSum); } ULONG CPing::GetTickCountCalibrate() { static ULONG s_ulFirstCallTick = 0; static LONGLONG s_ullFirstCallTickMS = 0; SYSTEMTIME systemtime; FILETIME filetime; GetLocalTime(&systemtime); SystemTimeToFileTime(&systemtime, &filetime); LARGE_INTEGER liCurrentTime; liCurrentTime.HighPart = filetime.dwHighDateTime; liCurrentTime.LowPart = filetime.dwLowDateTime; LONGLONG llCurrentTimeMS = liCurrentTime.QuadPart / 10000; if (s_ulFirstCallTick == 0) { s_ulFirstCallTick = GetTickCount(); } if (s_ullFirstCallTickMS == 0) { s_ullFirstCallTickMS = llCurrentTimeMS; } return s_ulFirstCallTick + (ULONG)(llCurrentTimeMS - s_ullFirstCallTickMS); }
main.cpp
#include <winsock2.h> #include <stdio.h> #include "ping.h" int main(void) { CPing objPing; char *szDestIP = "127.0.0.1"; PingReply reply; printf("Pinging %s with %d bytes of data:\n", szDestIP, DEF_PACKET_SIZE); while (TRUE) { objPing.Ping(szDestIP, &reply); printf("Reply from %s: bytes=%d time=%ldms TTL=%ld\n", szDestIP, reply.m_dwBytes, reply.m_dwRoundTripTime, reply.m_dwTTL); Sleep(500); } return 0; }
结果:
ICMP中检验和的计算算法为:
1、将检验和字段置为0
2、把需校验的数据看成以16位为单位的数字组成,依次进行二进制反码求和
3、把得到的结果存入检验和字段中
所谓二进制反码求和,就是:
1、将源数据转成反码
2、0+0=0 0+1=1 1+1=0进1
3、若最高位相加后产生进位,则最后得到的结果要加1
在实际实现的过程中,比较常见的代码写法是:
1、将检验和字段置为0
2、把需校验的数据看成以16位为单位的数字组成,依次进行求和,并存到32位的整型中
3、把求和结果中的高16位(进位)加到低16位上,如果还有进位,重复第3步[实际上,这一步最多会执行2次]
4、将这个32位的整型按位取反,并强制转换为16位整型(截断)后返回
其中也遇到了很多问题,头文件包含,WSAStartup函数初始化失败。。。
主要参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/goagent/p/4078940.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5cf5e7c401014fvq.html
http://blog.csdn.net/segen_jaa/article/details/7569727