wtforms 表单使用

wtforms 表单使用

安装:pip3 install wtforms

一、简单登录验证

1.1 logn.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} <span style="color: red">{{form.name.errors[0] }}</span></p>

    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}}  <span style="color: red">{{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</span></p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

1.2 后台验证

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form 
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

# 先装wtforms

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')

app.debug = True


class LoginForm(Form):
    # 字段(内部包含正则表达式)
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[ # 添加校验规则
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),  # 页面上显示的插件
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} # 添加样式

    )
    # 字段(内部包含正则表达式)
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密 &nbsp;&nbsp;码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d'),
            validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
                              message='密码至少8个字符,至少1个大写字母,1个小写字母,1个数字和1个特殊字符')

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} 
    )


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate(): # 校验数据是否全部通过
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors) # 错误字典的形式
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

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总结:

  • 表单验证创建一个类需要继承form模块,从wtforms中导入
  • 导入simple选择验证字段类型
  • 导入validators 进行数据验证
  • 导入widget选择对应的文本框

二、复合运用

2.1 register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for field in form %}
        <p>{{ field.label }}: {{ field }} <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors[0] }}</span></p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

2.2 后端校验

from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True


class RegisterForm(Form):

    def validate_pwd(self, field):
        """
        自定义pwd字段规则,例:与pwd字段是否一致
        :param field: 获取在浏览器密码框输入的值
        :return:
        """
        # 最开始初始化时,self.data中已经有所有的值
        print("field", field)
        print("field", field.data)
        print("data", self.data)  # self.data:包含提交数据所有的数据
        if field != "randy":
            # 错误展示在页面中
            # raise validators.ValidationError("不是randy") # 继续后续验证
            raise validators.StopValidation("不是randy")  # 不再继续后续验证,是在生成对应字段的时候在validators校验字段中添加了自定义校验,那么当执行到自定义时不再满足条件则不会在继续执行,而是将自己的错误跑出去,下面的错误将在不执行

    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()  # 检验规则
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),  # 选择输入框
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},  # 添加样式
        default='randy'  # 输入框默认值
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validate_pwd,
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重复密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")  # 连个字段进行比较
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='邮箱',
        validators=[

            validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
            validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性别',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int,  # “1” “2”
        default=[1, ]
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='爱好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int,

    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2],
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))


@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # data,单选框,选择默认值,选择默认的配置
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1, 'hobby': [1]})  # initial
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

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总结:

  • 实现局部校验和全局校验

  • 设置默认值data

  • 使用html5中标签

  • raise validators.StopValidation("不是randy") # 不再继续后续验证,是在生成对应字段的时候在validators校验字段中添加了自定义校验,那么当执行到自定义时不再满足条件则不会在继续执行,而是将自己的错误跑出去,下面的错误将在不执行

  validators=[
            validate_pwd, # 自定义的校验约束
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
        ],
posted @ 2021-11-06 20:28  RandySun  阅读(273)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报