selenium

1 环境配置

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
URL = "http://www.baidu.com"
driver.get(URL)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(80)

'''
Test code
'''

driver.quit()

2 元素定位

element = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.TAG_NAME, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=value)
element = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value=value)

By.ID, By.NAME, By.CLASS_NAME 底层调用 By.CSS_SELECTOR

2.1 XPath定位

/nodename/

3 操作

3.1 元素操作

# click
element.click()

# input,upload files
element.send_keys(value)

# clear
element.clear()

3.2 浏览器操作

driver.maximize_window()
driver.minimize_window()
driver.set_window_size(width=width, height=height)
driver.set_window_position(x=x, y=y)

driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.refresh()
driver.close()
driver.quit()

driver.title
driver.current_url

3.3 元素信息

element.size
element.text

element.get_attribute(name=name)

element.is_displayed()
element.is_enabled()
element.is_selected()

3.4 鼠标操作

类方法:ActionChains()

# 导入类
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

# 实例化对象
action = ActionChains(driver)

# 添加动作
# 右击
action.context_click(element)
# 双击
action.double_click(element)
# 拖拽
action.drag_and_drop(element)
# 悬停
action.move_to_element(element)

# 执行动作
action.perform()

3.5 键盘操作

# 导入类
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

# 使用
# 删除
element.send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
element.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
# 空格
element.send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
# 制表
element.send_keys(Keys.TAB)
# 回退
element.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)
# 回车
element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
# 全选(ctrl+a)
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a')
# 复制(ctrl+c)
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'c')

4 元素等待

4.1 隐式等待

driver.implicitly_wait(timeout) # 单位 秒(s)

4.2 显式等待

# 导包
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

webDriverWait = WebDriverWait(
    driver=driver, timeout=timeout, poll_frequency=poll_frequency)
element = webDriverWait.until(method=method) # method是寻找元素的方法

# 常常简写,并用匿名函数完成
element = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=timeout, poll_frequency=poll_frequency).until(
    lambda driver: driver.find_element(by=by, value=value))

5 下拉选择框

5.1 通过CSS选择器定位

driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR,value="[value='value']").click()

5.2 通过Select

element=driver.find_element(by=by,value=value)
select=Select(element)
select.select_by_index(index=index)
select.select_by_value(value=value)
select.deselect_by_visible_text(text=text)

6 弹出框

alert = driver.switch_to.alert # alert对象是Alert类的一个示例
alert.text
alert.accept()
alert.dismiss()

7 滚动条

js = "window.scrollTo(0,1000)"
driver.execute_script(js)

8 切换框架

在HTML5中,推荐使用iframe而不是frame

driver.switch_to.frame(frame_reference=frame_reference) # frame_reference 是 frame 的id,name或者为frame的Element实例
driver.switch_to.default_content() # 回到默认页面

9 多窗口切换

窗口切换依赖于窗口句柄

# 当前窗口句柄
driver.current_window_handle
# 所有窗口句柄
driver.window_handles
# 切换窗口
driver.switch_to.window(handle)

10 窗口截图

driver.get_screenshot_as_file(imgpath)

11 cookie

driver.get_cookie(name)
driver.get_cookies()
driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict=cookie_dict)

posted on 2024-04-01 14:20  RandolphChen  阅读(10)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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